Intelligent coordinators for automatic voltage regulator and power system stabiliser in a multi-machine power system

This study presents the design of intelligent coordinators for the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and power system stabiliser (PSS) in a multi-machine power system. The intelligent coordinators are designed to update the gains of AVR and PSS in severe disturbances to guarantee the stability of the studied power system. Three potent intelligent coordinators are proposed: (a) fuzzy logic coordinator, (b) artificial neural network coordinator, and (c) brain emotional learning coordinator. Since the intelligent coordinators are based on the knowledge of the experts, desirable scaling factors are considered in the output signals of the coordinators to achieve optimal results. The scaling factors are optimised using a new evolutionary approach known as the sine–cosine algorithm. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed intelligent approaches, the performances of coordinators are analysed on a two-area four-machine power system. A range of power system signals, such as rotor speed, terminal voltages, acceleration power and rotor angle of generators are demonstrated to approve and compare the performance of the intelligent coordinators. The simulation results indicate that the intelligent coordinators can guarantee the stability of the power system and satisfy performance objectives, such as desired transient and steady-state errors