ALLERGIC AND NONALLERGIC RHINITIS

Kronični je rinitis upala sluznice nosa koju karakteriziraju simptomi kihanja, vodenog iscjetka, opstrukcije i pruritusa, a može im biti pridružen i konjuktivitis. Predstavlja globalni problem i zahvaća ljude svih dobnih skupina. Alergijski rinitis (AR), kako je prije spomenuto, nastaje kao posljedica senzitizacije osobe na alergen te se na temelju ARIA smjernica klasificira prema trajanju i težini simptoma. Nealergijski rinitis (NAR) u podlozi može imati različite patofiziološke mehanizme koji nisu senzibilizacija na alergen, niti su posljedica infekcije, zbog čega se još i naziva neinfektivnim, nealergijskim rinitisom, odnosno NINAR-om. Postoji više podtipova NAR-a, no u preko polovice bolesnika se NAR dijagnosticira kao idiopatski rinitis. Dijagnostika u pacijenata s alergijskim rinitisom se temelji na anamnezi, kliničkim pregledu i alergološkim testiranjima. Pozitivni alergološki testovi potvrđuju sumnju na alergijski rinitis, dok negativni upućuju na dijagnozu nealergijskog rinitisa. Intranazalni kortikosteroidi su terapija prvog izbora za liječenje alergijskog rinitisa, dok terapija nealergijskog rinitisa ovisi o njegovom podtipu.Chronic rhinitis is defined as inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterised by sneezing, watery discharge, nasal congestion and itching, and can sometimes be accompanied by conjuctivits. Rhinits presents a global problem and affects people of all ages. Allergic rhinitis (AR), as mentioned before, develops as a result of allergen sensitisation and can be, based on the ARIA classification, categorised by the duration and severity of the symptoms. Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) is an umbrella term, describing many different pathophysiological mechanisms that can cause chronic rhinitis, but which are not the result of an allergic sensitisation or the result of an infection, which is why it’s also called nonallergic, non-infectious rhinitis or NANIR. There are different subtypes of nonallergic rhinitis, but over half of the patients are categorised as patients with idiopathic rhinitis. The diagnosis of the disease is based on a thorough medical history, physical examination and allergy testing. If the performed allergy tests are positive, it confirms the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, if not, it suggests that the patient has nonallergic rhinitis. Intranasal corticosteroids are considered the best option for treating allergic rhinitis, while nonallergic rhinits requires a different approach based on the subtype of NAR