Veiling in islam: discussions and perspectives throughout European countries

Pitanje pokrivanja u islamu u Europi izaziva različite rasprave te je postalo posebno aktualno nakon vrhunca izbjegličke krize 2015. godine i niza terorističkih napada učinjenih od strane islamskih ekstremista. U ovom preglednom radu praksa pokrivanja se opisuje uzimajući u obzir njezine povijesne i religijske izvore te različite oblike u kojima se ona pojavljuje. U tom kontekstu važno je i na koji način su zapadnjački običaji utjecali na pokrivanje u islamu te kako je došlo do Novog pokreta pokrivanja. Nadalje, izazovi koji proizlaze iz pojave pokrivanja u Europi objašnjavaju se putem tri područja - sekularnost, ravnopravnost spolova i sigurnost. Također se analizira pristup običaju pokrivanja dvije europske države – Francuske i Njemačke, koje se razlikuju po vrsti sekularizma kojeg provode, ali i tradicionalnom odnosu prema kršćanstvu. Analiza se pretežito bavi relevantnim sudskim presudama u ove dvije države te faktorima koji su na presude utjecali s ciljem da se utvrdi stoje li diskriminacija i netolerancija iza stava europskih država prema pokrivanju.Veiling in Islam has been a topic of multiple discussions in Europe for a while, especially after the migration crisis in 2015, followed by numerous terrorist attacks conducted by Islamic extremists. In this paper, the practice of veiling is described with respect to its historical and religious sources and different forms it occurs in. In that context, it is crucial to understand the impact Western culture had on this tradition and how this led to formation of the New Veiling Movement. Furthermore, challenges that arise from veiling in Europe are described throughout three domains – secularity, gender equality and public safety. This paper also analyses the way two European countries – France and Germany, approach this issue. These countries differ in forms of secularism they implement and their traditional relation to Christianity. Analysis is primarily focused on relevant court rulings in these two countries and different factors that had an impact on those decisions, with the aim to determine whether European attitudes toward veiling are driven by discrimination and intolerance. Veiling in Islam has been a topic of multiple discussions in Europe for a while, especially after the migration crisis in 2015, followed by numerous terrorist attacks conducted by Islamic extremists. In this paper, the practice of veiling is described with respect to its historical and religious sources and different forms it occurs in. In that context, it is crucial to understand the impact Western culture had on this tradition and how this led to formation of the New Veiling Movement. Furthermore, challenges that arise from veiling in Europe are described throughout three domains – secularity, gender equality and public safety. This paper also analyses the way two European countries – France and Germany, approach this issue. These countries differ in forms of secularism they implement and their traditional relation to Christianity. Analysis is primarily focused on relevant court rulings in these two countries and different factors that had an impact on those decisions, with the aim to determine whether European attitudes toward veiling are driven by discrimination and intolerance