Improving the Safety of Bulk Carriers by Applying the Code for Loading and Unloading of Bulk Cargo

Rasutim teretima koji se prevoze morem smatraju se svi tereti koji se krcaju na brod u rasutom stanju bez pakiranja. Najĉešći rasuti tereti su ugljen, željezna rudaĉa, žitarice, sol i sliĉno. Danas brodovi za prijevoz rasutog tereta ĉine 21 % svjetske trgovaĉke flote, a veliĉine su od malih mini-brodova za prijevoz rasutih tereta do brodova koji mogu nositi 400000 tona tereta. Neki od rasutih tereta mogu imati karakteristiĉna opasna svojstva koja mogu ugroziti sigurnost posade i broda ako se prilikom ukrcaja ili iskrcaja s njima ne rukuje primjereno i ako se prilikom putovanja u skladištima ne održavaju odgovarajući uvjeti. Veliki broj nezgoda brodova za rasuti teret upravo zbog neadekvatnog ukrcaja i rukovanja teretom potaknuo je Međunarodnu pomorsku organizaciju na uvođenje Poglavlja XII SOLAS-a i BLU Pravilnik, koji su unaprijedili sigurnost brodova za prijevoz rasutih tereta. Ipak, nezgode se još uvijek događaju, te je potrebno pronaći i implementirati rješenja kojima će se one smanjiti.Bulk cargoes transported by sea are considered to be all cargoes loaded on a ship in bulk without packaging. The most common bulk cargoes are coal, iron ore, grains, salt, etc. Today, bulk carriers make up 21% of the world’s merchant fleet, and range in size from small mini-bulk carriers to ships that can carry 400000 tons of cargo. Some of the bulk cargoes may have characteristic hazardous properties which may endanger the safety of the crew and the ship if they are not handled adequately during loading or unloading and if adequate conditions are not maintained in holds during voyage. A large number of bulk carrier accidents due to inadequate loading and handling of cargo prompted the International Maritime Organization to introduce Chapter XII of SOLAS and BLU Code, which have enhanced the safety of bulk carriers. However, accidents are still happening, and it is necessary to find and implement solutions to reduce them