The purpose of this work is the characterization and theoretical investigation of an electron cyclotron resonance plasma thruster. The objectives is to study the physics of the thruster (energy transfer by cyclotron resonance, ionization process, coupling microwave/plasma and acceleration process) to improve his performances, efficiency and development dimensioning tools.An experimental prototype of the thruster was characterized around the operating freedoms degrees as frequency, magnetic field, the power, the geometry and the gas flow. The results are used to set the conditions for a nominal operation of the thruster in terms of performances and efficiency. It was shown that the position of the resonance area and the operating pressure ar...