The biology and ecology of Coccinella undecimpunctata undecimpunctata L. : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science with Honours in the University of Canterbury [Lincoln College]

The majority of Coccinellid ladybirds are beneficial to man because of their predacious nature. In 1874 Coccinella undecimpunctata Linneaus, was introduced into New Zealand, (Dumbleton 1936), as one of the first attempts at controlling aphids by biological means. The aim of this investigation was to study the significance of C. undecimpunctata L. as a means of aphid control in New Zealand. The following topics were considered most relevant to gauge the significances of the ladybirds’ biological potential. (i) Aphid feeding potential of adult and larvae. (ii) Food preferences of adult. (iii) Fecundity and longevity of adult. (iv) Rate of development of egg, larval instars and pupa. (v) Seasonal life cycle of the insect in the field. (vi) The Life of the ladybird in the field. Opportunity was also take during this study to investigate the use and practical application of radioisotopes to insect ecological studies