Introductory programming at Lincoln University: attributes of successful students revisited

The introductory programming class at Lincoln University, New Zealand, was surveyed for a second time in 1998. Linear regression models were then used to determine student attributes associated with achievement in this class. Students who expect to get high marks are more likely to achieve than those with lower expectations, and older students are more likely to achieve than younger students. Gender has no direct association with achievement but female students have on average lower marks than male students. Females are on average younger and have lower expectations than males