Mixture of sambiloto (Andrographis panniculata Nees.) and salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) extract to improve GLUT4 and PPAR-gamma expression in hyperglicemic wistar rats

The increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus stimulates the ongoing study of molecular mechanisms of sambiloto and salam in relieving the disorder. The molecular study was done by treating hyperglicemia Wistar rats with a combination of sambiloto (AP) and salam (SP) extract. AFter 14 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the liver organs were collected. The organs were stored in a solution of 10% buffered formalin to be blocked in paraffin afterwards. Subsequent molecular test was performed to identify GLUT4 and PPAR-gamma gene expression by immunohistochemistry method. This study showed that administration of a combination of sambiloto and salam extracts (6:1) in rats was able to increase the expresion level of GLUT4 which resembles the expression level of GLUT4 after insulin administration. It was also found that the expression level of PPAR-gamma was increased after rats were treated by combintion of AP and SP extracts (6:1). It showed that the increased expression of PPAR-gamma resembled the expression of PPAR-gamma after metformin stimulation. Interestingly, the administration of AP:SP extract (6:1) combination showed a level of GLUT4 expression that was not in line with PPAR-gamma expression