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The war began in the south when Navajos and Paiutes attacked the frontier settlements at Kanab and Pipe Springs in December, 1865-January, 1866. The history of the conflict to follow is a review of counterattack, raid, and counterattack. The Paiutes slacked off about 1868, when the war officially ended, but the Navajos, operating from the eastern side of the Colorado River, continued their raids until late 1869. The war stopped when John W. Powell and Jacob Hamblin exacted promises of peace from the Navajos at Fort Defiance in 1870. The peace that followed was nearly broken when three Navajos, on a trading venture, were killed in Sevier County in 1873. A serious threat of reprisal was avoided by Jacob Hamblin in a meeting with the Navajos at Moenkopi in January, 1874; after that the peace along the Colorado remained unbroken. During the course of these hostilities the Navajos appear to have crossed Glen Canyon below the mouth of the San Juan River, to judge by the locale of their raids. They used the Crossing of the Fathers frequently and they may be responsible for one or more of the several sets of steps there on both sides of Navajo Canyon (site 8) (Fig. 5). It is quite probable that a number of the Navajo access routes into Glen Canyon (sites 100, 8, 9, 6, 2, 24, 3, 26, etc.) (Figs. 8-13) may date from this time. In their counterattacks the Utah militia did not cross the Colorado in pursuit of the Navajos, but between 1866 and 1869 they became acquainted with the unoccupied country stretching from the base of the High Plateaus to the Colorado River and thus opened the way for the settlement that followed. On the other side of the river, in the San Juan country, conflicts between Indians and whites continued for a time and these will be introduced later in the outline. Bibliographic notes: The Indian Wars, 1846-1870 Dale (1949) summarizes the federal conflict with the Navajos. Gottfredson's work on the Indian wars in Utah (1919) has not been replaced. Neff (1940) has a long chapter on the subject but Woodbury (1950) has come closest to a satisfactory summary of the war as it pertained to the southern settlements west of Glen Canyon. Brooks (1944a) explores several aspects of the subject and includes contemporary records. The extent to which Navajos participated in depredations against the Mormons has not been fully explored. Considerable attention is given the subject by the writers on Jacob Hamblin referred to in the bibliographical notes attached to the next section. -9-Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 14,086,144 byte