Renewable Energy and the Smart Grid: Architecture Modelling, Communication Technologies and Electric Vehicles Integration

Renewable Energy is considered as an effective solution for relieving the energy crisis and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. It is also be recognized as an important energy resource for power supplying in the next generation power grid{smart grid system. For a long time, the unsustainable and unstable of renewable energy generation is the main challenge to the combination of the renewable energy and the smart grid. The short board on the utilities' remote control caused low-efficiency of power scheduling in the distribution power area, also increased the difficulty of the local generated renewable energy grid-connected process. Furthermore, with the rapid growth of the number of electrical vehicles and the widely established of the fast power charging stations in urban and rural area, the unpredictable power charging demand will become another challenge to the power grid in a few years. In this thesis we propose the corresponding solutions for the challenges enumerated in the above. Based on the architecture of terminal power consumer's residence, we introduce the local renewable energy system into the residential environment. The local renewable energy system can typically support part of the consumer's power demand, even more. In this case, we establish the architecture of the local smart grid community based on the structure of distribution network of the smart grid, includes terminal power consumer, secondary power substation, communication links and sub data management center. Communication links are employed as the data transmission channels in our scheme. Also the local power scheduling algorithm and the optimal path selection algorithm are created for power scheduling requirements and stable expansion of the power supply area. Acknowledging the fact that the information flow of the smart grid needs appropriate communication technologies to be the communication standards, we explore the available communication technologies and the communication requirements and performance metrics in the smart grid networks. Also, the power saving mechanism of smart devices in the advanced metering infrastructure is proposed based on the two-state-switch scheduling algorithm and improved 802.11ah-based data transmission model. Renewable energy system can be employed in residential environment, but also can be deployed in public environment, like fast power charging station and public parking campus. Due to the current capacity of electrical vehicles (EV), the fast power charging station is required not just by the EV drivers, but also demanded by the related enterprises. We propose a upgraded fast power charging station with local deployed renewable energy system in public parking campus. Based on the queueing model, we explore and deliver a stochastic control model for the fast power charging station. A new status called "Service Jumped" is created to express the service state of the fast power charging station with and without the support from the local renewable energy in real-time