Tariff and Nontariff Barrier Impacts on Illegal Migration: Us Fresh Winter Tomato Market

A partial equilibrium, duality-based empirical model is used to measure the tariff and nontariff barrier effects on fresh tomato prices, quantities, and labour demand in Florida, USA, and Sinaloa, Mexico. Reduced-form estimates indicate that the US unit tariff has increased agricultural labour demand in Florida while reducing field labour demand in Mexico. Nontari:ff barriers have had a less significant impact on labour demand. Product heterogeneity may account for varying nontariff barrier impacts on fresh tomato supplies and derived labour demand. Linkages between Mexican agricultural labour supply and Florida agricultural labour demand require further analysis