A Study on Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Stroke Patients

1) In 100 stroke patients in the study, 64 were male and 36 were female patients. 2) Overall, 76 patients had ischemic stroke, 14 patients had hemorrhagic stroke and remaining 10 patients had stroke due to other causes like Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND) and Posterior Circulation Stroke. Sex wise, 80% of male patients and 69% of female patients, had ischemic stroke; 14% of male patients and 11% of female patients, had hemorrhagic stroke; 6% of male patients and 20% of female stroke patients, had stroke due to other causes mentioned earlier. 3) The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome in stroke patients is 57%. It is more prevalent in females (78%) than in males (45%). 4) In overall, metabolic syndrome presents in 64% of hemorrhagic stroke patients, 57% of ischemic stroke patients and 50% of other stroke patients like TIA, RIND and posterior circulation stroke. Sex wise, 56% of male hemorrhagic stroke patients & 100% (all) of female hemorrhagic stroke patients had metabolic syndrome. 49% of male ischemic stroke patients and 72% of female ischemic stroke patients had metabolic syndrome. 71% of female patients none of the male patients with other stroke patients mentioned earlier, had metabolic syndrome. Thus, metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in hemorrhagic rather than ischemic stroke. 5) 83% of male patients with metabolic syndrome and 68% of female patients with metabolic syndrome, had ischemic stroke. Thus, overall contribution of 75% by ischemic stroke, to the syndrome. 6) 17% of male patients with metabolic syndrome and 14% of female patients with metabolic syndrome, had hemorrhagic stroke. Thus, overall contribution of 16% by hemorrhagic stroke, to the syndrome. 7) None of the male patients with metabolic syndrome and 18% of female patients with metabolic syndrome, had stroke due to other causes (like TIA, RIND, posterior circulation stroke). Thus, overall contribution of 9% by other stroke pattern, to the syndrome. T h us, ischemic stroke is most common stroke pattern observed in metabolic syndrome. 8) Overall, blood pressure is the most contributing parameter (97%) to metabolic syndrome, followed by fasting HDL cholesterol (86%), FBG (70%), fasting TGL (58%) in that order. Waist circumference is the metabolic parameter that is least contributory (33%) to the Metabolic Syndrome. Sex wise, in male patients, blood pressure is the most contributing parameter to the metabolic syndrome (97%), followed by HDL cholesterol (76%), FBS and triglyceride (each 66%), waist circumference (17%) in that order. In female patients, Blood pressure and HDL cholesterol are most contributing parameter (each 96%), followed by FBS (75%), Triglyceride and waist circumference (each 50%) in that order. 9) Overall, blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg) is the most contributing parameter (80%) to the stroke, followed by FBS (≥110 mg%) and HDL cholesterol (each 60%), triglyceride (37%), waist circumference (21%) in that order. Sex wise, in male patients, blood pressure is the most contributing parameter to the stroke (80%), followed by HDL cholesterol (44%), triglyceride (36%), FBS (30%), waist circumference (11%) in that order. In female patients, HDL cholesterol is the most contributing parameter (89%), followed by blood pressure (81%), FBS (58%), Triglyceride and waist circumference (each 39%) in that order. 10) Mean blood pressure in male stroke patients is 152/96 mmHg; mean blood pressure is female stroke patients is 154/100 mmHg; thus in both the sexes mean blood pressure is in stage 1 hypertensive range. 11) Mean fasting blood sugar in male and female stroke patients is 111.25mg% and 119.5 mg% respectively. Thus in both the sexes, mean fasting blood sugar is in pre-diabetic range. In both sexes, mean blood pressure was in the stage I hypertensive range and mean fasting blood glucose was in the pre-diabetic range of 100-125 mg/dl suggesting that both hypertension and diabetes are independent strong risk factors for stroke and pre-diabetics are prone for macro vascular complications even before they are labeled as diabetics. 12) Mean fasting HDL level in male and female stroke patients are 48.75mg% and 44.5 mg% respectively. Thus in both the sexes, mean fasting HDL level is within low (abnormal) range. 13) Mean fasting triglycerides in male and female stroke patients are 139mg% and 147.75 mg% respectively. Thus in both the sexes, mean fasting triglyceride is in normal range. 14) Mean waist circumference in male and female stroke patients are 81cm and 83.25 cm respectively. Thus in both the sexes, mean waist circumference is in normal range. 15) Prevalence of hypertension (BP ≥140/90) in stroke patients is 79% (78% of male and 81% of female stroke patients); but prevalence of hypertension in ‘stroke patients with metabolic syndrome’ is 96% (97% of ‘male stroke patients with metabolic syndrome’ and 96% of ‘female stroke patients with metabolic syndrome’). 16) Prevalence of diabetes (FBS>125) in stoke patients 43% (39% of male stroke patients and 50% of female stroke patients); but prevalence of diabetes in ‘stroke patients with metabolic syndrome’ is 51% (48% of ‘male stroke patients with metabolic syndrome’ and 54% of ‘female patients with metabolic syndrome’). 17) In male patients with Metabolic Syndrome, 55% are smokers and 62% are alcoholics; 52% are has the habit of smoking and alcoholism together. CONCLUSION: • Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in stroke patients is 57%. • Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in female stroke patients than male stroke patients (78% vs. 45%). • Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke. • Ischemic stroke is more commonly observed stroke pattern in metabolic syndrome, than hemorrhagic stroke. • Blood pressure is the most common contributing factor to the syndrome, followed by HDL cholesterol, FBS, triglyceride and waist circumference in that order. • Blood pressure is the most common contributing factor to the stroke, followed next by FBS and HDL cholesterol equally, and by triglyceride and waist circumference