Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body Composition

Whey proteins and amino acid supplements have a strong position in the sports nutrition market based on the supposed quality of proteins and amino acids they provide. Recent studies using the stable isotope methodology demonstrate the ability of whey proteins or mixtures of amino acids with similar compositions to promote protein synthesis of the body and whole muscles. Other ways of research development explore the health benefits of whey that extend beyond protein and basic food. Many whey-derived bioactive ingredients are under study for their ability to provide specific health benefits. These functions are being investigated primarily in tissue culture systems and animal models. The capacity of these compounds to modulate obesity and improve immune function and antioxidant activity presents new applications potentially tailored to the needs of those individuals with active lifestyles. This paper will review the recent literature describing the functional properties of essential amino acids, whey proteins, whey-derived minerals and other compounds, and the mechanisms by which they can benefit active people in the context that exercise is a form of metabolic stress. The response to this stress can be positive, as with more muscle contraction and improved functionality or greater strength. However, the overall benefits may be jeopardized if immune function or general health is challenged in response to stress. From a mechanical point of view, whey proteins, their compound amino acids and / or related compounds may be able to provide substrate and bioactive components to extend the overall benefits of physical activity