Parametric study and equations of the maximum SCF for concrete filled steel tubular T-joints under in-plane and out-of-plane bending

Due to being increasingly used in infrastructure, studying stress concentration in concrete-filled steel tubular joints is necessary. In this study, the variation of the maximum Stress Concentration Factor (SCFmax) with non-dimensional geometric parameters in steel circular hollow section brace welded to concrete-filled circular hollow section chord (CHS-to-CFCHS) T-joints under in-plane and out-of-plane bending moment has been investigated. A database of the maximum SCFs in CHS-to-CFCHS T-joints under in-plane and out-of-plane bending moment is developed based on three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models. The 3D FE models developed using ABAQUS software, have been verified using experimental results. Graphs showing variation of the maximum SCF, in CHS-to-CFCHS T-joints, with non-dimensional geometric parameters have been produced and compared with those for non-filled empty T-joints. Parametric equations for predicting the maximum SCFs in CHS-to-CFCHS T-joints under in-plane and out-of-plane bending moment have been developed in a multiple nonlinear regression analysis. There is a good agreement between the maximum SCFs predicted by the parametric equations and those determined from the experiments