Glocalized and indigenized theologies in the twentieth century

This chapter points at the relocation of theology through the twentieth century out of universities and ‘public thought’ towards privatized and ‘dissenting’ spaces. These include anticolonialist and proto-nationalist movements in East Africa, India, and Korea, whereby religion became one means by which subaltern groups maintained their identity over and against a ruling class. In other settings, such as in post-war Minjung theology in Korea, indigenized theology became a means of re-wiring the political discourse as the new nation emerged from war into settings requiring rapid industrialization and modernization. Such popular mobilizations from below are compared to elite, institutional attempts at change from above, and are analysed using the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu to tease out those factors which contribute to success in spreading out of the cultures and ‘moments’ of primary indigenization