China and Japan in Australian foreign policy

In this chapter, David Walton analyzes Australia’s foreign policy approaches to Japan and China. He perceives that Australia has a “China paradox” which reflects tensions in the pursuit of twin national interests: “Australia promotes closer ties with China to enhance commercial and economic ties and subsequent benefits to the Australian economy, yet paradoxically views China as a potential security threat to regional security.” Walton notes: “In stark contrast, the relationship with Japan has been one of alignment due to trade complementarity and shared values with the United States.” He also points out that the security dimension of the relationship has been the most remarkable aspect of Australia–Japan relations in recent years. Walton also gives a fascinating account of the ongoing debate within Australia—can a hedging strategy towards China (engaging with China while also balancing China) be maintained? He notes that some analysts in Australia have also raised the following question: should Australia develop closer ties with China at the expense of relations with the United States and Japan? Walton concludes: “Current policies, which include a genuine engagement with China while maintaining a close security alliance with the United States and developing closer security ties with Japan, suggest that Australia will be pursuing a hedging strategy for the foreseeable future.