Islamophobia and hate crime

According to the Runnymede Trust's (1997) report, Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All, the term Islamophobia was originally "coined in the late 1980s, its first known use in print being in February 1991, in a periodical in the United States. The word is not ideal, but is recognizably similar to xenophobia and Europhobia and is a useful shorthand way of referring to dread or hatred of Islam - and, therefore, to fear or dislike of all or most Muslims" (p. 1)