De la unidad suramericana a la fragmentación regional: contradicciones en la UNASUR a partir de las políticas de los gobiernos lulistas y las tensiones con las clases dominantes

This article proposes to address some of the contradictions and asymmetries that took place in UNASUR starting from Lula’s government policies in Brazil. From a qualitative methodological design that includes interviews with key informants, official sources, document analysis and bibliography, we approach the tensions that took place starting on the reconstruction of some of the most relevant policies of the Brazilian State towards South America and in relation to the ruling classes. We reflect on the problems related to regional fragmentation after the impulse that recent integration processes had. In UNASUR’s singularity new questions are raised in its current break. These enable us to see on the one hand, the achievements in the South American regional integration policies that UNASUR impulsed. And on the other, underlying issues that persisted during its performance until its recent paralysis.This article proposes to address some of the contradictions and asymmetries that took place in UNASUR starting from Lula’s government policies in Brazil. From a qualitative methodological design that includes interviews with key informants, official sources, document analysis and bibliography, we approach the tensions that took place starting on the reconstruction of some of the most relevant policies of the Brazilian State towards South America and in relation to the ruling classes. We reflect on the problems related to regional fragmentation after the impulse that recent integration processes had. In UNASUR’s singularity new questions are raised in its current break. These enable us to see on the one hand, the achievements in the South American regional integration policies that UNASUR impulsed. And on the other, underlying issues that persisted during its performance until its recent paralysis.Este artículo propone abordar las contradicciones y los problemas de fragmentación regional que surgieron en el seno de la UNASUR a partir de las políticas promovidas por los gobiernos lulistas en Brasil. Desde un diseño metodológico cualitativo que recupera el material de entrevistas a informantes clave, junto con el análisis de documentos y fuentes oficiales, se abordan las tensiones que se sucedieron a escala regional a partir de la reconstrucción de algunas de las principales políticas del Estado brasileño en relación a Suramérica. Reflexionamos en torno a las problemáticas vinculadas con la fragmentación que se produjo luego del impulso inicial que los procesos de integración tuvieron. Desde la singularidad de la UNASUR, se plantean nuevos interrogantes a la luz de su parálisis actual. Estos nos permiten visualizar por un lado, algunos de los avances en materia de integración regional que la UNASUR propició. Y por otro lado, las problemáticas subyacentes que persistieron durante su funcionamiento hasta su reciente freno, en un nuevo ciclo de las políticas integracionistas