Comportamento alimentar e fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes: JFcorações

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its development is associated with eating habits. Objectives: Investigate the relationship between the frequency of meals and breakfast consumption habit (CM) with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CRF) in children and adolescents. Methods: A crosssectional study with a sample of 708 schoolchildren (7-14 years) living in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, behavioral and relating to eating habits variables. To obtain the daily energy intake were used food 24hour recalls and food records three days. Weight, height, body fat, waist circumference and blood pressure were also performed. Finally, they collected blood samples for analysis of total cholesterol (TC), low lipoprotein (LDL) and high density (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels. Data normality was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the MannWhitney test was used to identify significant differences in the values of central tendency. Moreover, Poisson regression models were constructed to evaluate how dietary habits were associated with the CRF. Results: Perform ≥ 4 meals was more prevalent among children than among adolescents (80.1% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.003) and more prevalent among males compared to females (77.9% vs. 66.6%, p = 0.001). Meal frequency 2 (p = 0.010). Even in the age group 10-14 years 2 (p= 0,010). Ainda na faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos, < 4 refeições se relacionou a maior prevalência de excesso de peso (p= 0,032) e LDL (p= 0,030) elevados, após ajustes. Omitir o CM foi mais comum entre os adolescentes em comparação com as crianças (30,0% vs. 22,0%; p = 0,035) e entre as meninas em comparação com os meninos (33,1% vs. 22,1%; p = 0,001). Após ajustes, a omissão do CM se associou, em crianças, a valores aumentados de pressão arterial diastólica (p= 0,003), CT (p= 0,001) e LDL (p< 0,001) e em adolescentes, não foram encontradas associações. Conclusão: Comportamentos alimentares como maiores frequências de refeições diárias e consumo do CM estão relacionados à FRC, em crianças e adolescentes e devem ser considerados em discussões e ações de promoção à saúde