Fault reactivation during fluid production, modelled as a multi-physics multi-scale instability

During fluid production in carbonate reservoir rock under high Pressure and Temperature conditions, the production-enhanced shear-heating of a creeping fault can lead to a thermal run-away. The reactivation of the fault is then accompanied with a large increase of permeability (by orders of magnitude) due to the dissolution of the rock. As a detrimental consequence for the industry, pressure equilibrates between the two compartments of the reservoir delimited by an initially sealing fault. To model such behavior, we present a three-scale framework implementing a THMC fault reactivation model. The framework links the three different scales of the problem: (a) the poro-elastic reservoir (km) scale, where faults are treated as frictional interfaces with the equivalent friction law being determined from the meso-scale; (b) the thermo-poro-chemo-visco-elasto-plastic fault at the meso-scale (m), encompassing all the physics at hand; and (c) its chemo-mechanically altered pore structure at the micro-scale (μm), where meso-scale properties (like permeability) are upscaled. In the present approach, the multiscaling approach allows us to replace the common use of empirical laws to the profit of upscaled physical laws. The framework is used to simulate the fault valve behavior appearing during induced reactivation coming from the production scenario next to a sealing fault