Agrobiological assessment of cotton breeding material in light chestnut soils

The promotion of cotton in regions with long daylight hours is a priority for genetics. The creation of a new breeding material for a crop with a short growing season of 95-110 days makes it possible to organize the production of this fiber in the south of Russia. The studies were carried out in 2014-2020 at the experimental sites of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. Growth, development, ecological and biological characteristics were studied on new cotton varieties PGSSH 1 and PGSSH 7 in conditions of light chestnut soils. Field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result, it was found that the growing season of new varieties of cotton corresponds to the conditions of the season in the Volgograd region. Boll opening is celebrated from 25 August to 20 September. Bushes form 4 to 18 fruits, 58% are located in the middle tier. The limiting growth and development factors include sharp drops in daytime and nighttime temperatures in spring (up to 150C). In some years, cold and rainy weather in July leads to the development of diseases on plants. However, new varieties of cotton have time to mature and form high quality fiber. Hot, dry weather does not adversely affect plant growth and development. The potential yield of these varieties reaches 3.3-3.5 t / ha. These varieties have good prospects for implementation. The development of varietal agricultural technology will ensure the organization of cotton production in areas with long daylight hours