Kajian Fenotipe Tanaman Jahe Putih Besar (Zingiber officinale var. officinarum) Akibat Perlakuan Kolkisin

ABSTRACT: The Efforts of enous the genetic diversity of ginger through plant breeding can be done by applying the polyploidy principle of by using colchicine. This research was aimed at identifies the effect of colchicine on the phenotype of the large white ginger variety (Zingiber officinale var. officinarum). The research was conduction screen house in a 20 % light intensity located at Pati Kidul Village, Pati District and the Plant Production Laboratory of the Muria Kudus University from June to December 2009, by applying the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experimental model involving two factors (each of which was divided into 2 levels, 2x2 combinations) and one check (Ko), and replicated 3 times. The factors applied were colchisine concentration (K) and colchisine dipping duration (W). The first factor consisted of two different evels: 0.25 % (K1), and 0.50 (K2), and the second factor (W) also consisted of 2 levels: 3 hours (W1) and 6 hours (W2). The variable of research: (1). Phenotypes: plant height; the number of sprouts; the stem maximum and minimum diameters; the number, area, width and length of leaves; the number, diameter, length of roots; the length, width, thickness and fresh weight of rhizoma (tuberous roots). The research showed that : (1) The colchisine dipping 0.25 – 0.50 % during 3 – 6 hours on the large white ginger did not affect most of the characteristics of phenotypes, except on the height at the age of one month, the number of sprouts at the age of six and eight weeks, the leaf width, the length, width and thickness of rhizoma. ABSTRAK: Upaya peningkatan varian genetik untuk mendukung kegiatan pemuliaan jahe dapat dilakukan melalui poliploidi menggunakan kolkisin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi fenotipe tanaman jahe putih besar (Zingiber officinale var. officinarum) akibat perlakuan kolkisin. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah paranet 20% di Kelurahan Pati Kidul Kabupaten Pati dan Laboratorium Produksi Fakultas Pertanian UMK Kudus pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2009. Percobaan faktorial menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang terdiri atas dua faktor (2 x 2) + 1 kontrol (K0), faktor pertama konsentrasi kolkisin (K) terdiri atas: K1 = kolkisin 0,25%; K2= kolkisin 0,50%, dan faktor kedua lama waktu perendaman terdiri atas: W1 = perendaman 3 jam; W2 = perendaman 6 jam. Jumlah perlakuan 5 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan fenotipe meliputi: tinggi tanaman; jumlah tunas; diameter batang; jumlah, lebar, dan luas daun; diameter, panjang, dan jumlah akar; panjang, lebar, tebal, dan berat segar rimpang. Hasil penelitian perlakuan perendaman kolkisin 0,25-0,50% selama 3-6 jampada tanaman jahe putih besar tidak berpengaruh terhadap sebagian besar sifat fenotipe kecuali pada sifat tinggi tanaman umur 1 bulan, lebar daun, panjang, lebar, dan tebal rimpang