This work evaluated the influence of the resistive component on the determination of the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) that minimizes the elastic work of the respiratory system in patients with healthy lung during cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Twenty-five patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery received initial recruitment maneuvers and decreasing PEEP titration before and after pneumoperitoneum (PNP). The recruitment maneuver consisted of an increase of PEEP up to 20 cmH2O in controlled pressure mode, respiratory rate of 6 cycles/min and inspiration: expiration ratio of 1: 1. Afterwards, in Volume Controlled Mode, tidal volume (VT) of 6 mL/kg, PEEP was reduced from 20 to 6 cmH2O, with 2 cmH2O steps, 30s p...