Scaling of the proton density reduction scheme for the laser acceleration of proton beams with a narrow energy spread

The laser acceleration of proton beams with quasi-monoenergetic features in the energy spectra from microdot targets is investigated by numerical simulation. The formation of these spectral peaks is strongly dependent on the interplay between different ion species in the target. The scaling of the spectral peak's energy, and number of protons in the spectral peak, with both microdot composition and laser intensity is considered. Particular attention is given to determining the proton concentration below which the number of protons in the spectral peak rapidly diminishes. It is shown that at proton concentrations of 1-5n(crit) a spectral peak is produced that reaches an energy up to 70% of the maximum proton energy, whilst still containing more protons than would be produced by a conventional target in this energy range