中東民主化運動とイスラーム復興運動における一考察 ―1970年代以降を中心として―

Until now, a wide range of people has been involved in Muslim debates over political liberalization and democratization.For example, secular Muslims who want a separation of religion and state,Islamic reformists reinterpreting Islamic traditions in favor of the elected government in modern elections,Muslims reject democracy, and so on.Modern Muslim politics often uses Islam to justify democracy, dictatorship, and republican or monarchy.Some past Islamic leaders have opposed Western democracy and the parliamentary system.Such negative reactions were often part of a general rejection of the effects of European colonialism. And it was more about protecting Islam from dependence on the West than on rejecting democracy altogether.Some Muslims believe that the underlying sovereignty of God and the sacred law are incompatible with the concept of national sovereignty and civil law.Besides, some Muslims argue that Muslims should create their forms of political participation and democracy in Islamic doctrine and that there is no need to seek Western-style democracy.Thus, Muslims in a wide variety of positions are incompatible with Islamic democracy.This paper examines how Middle Eastern countries have considered and acted on democracy since the 1970s