Surface-modified spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 for Li-ion batteries

Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has received great attention as one of the most outstanding cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high energy density resulting from the operating voltage of similar to 4.7 V (vs. Li+/Li) based on the Ni2+/Ni4+ redox reaction. However, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is known to suffer from undesirable side reactions with the electrolyte at high voltage as well as Mn dissolution from the structure. These issues prevent the realization of the optimal electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. Extensive research has been conducted to overcome these issues. This review presents an overview of the various surface-modification methods available to improve the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and provides perspectives on further research aimed at the application of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as a cathode material in commercialized LIBs.