변혁적 리더십의 캄보디아 공공부문 종사자 직업만족도 영향 분석: 상원 사무국 사례연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 행정대학원 글로벌행정전공, 2018. 8. 김봉환.캄보디아에서는 상원을 포함한 의회가 점점 더 국가 발전에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며, 상원은 사무국장의 업무 지원을 통해 효과적으로 직무를 수행해야 한다. 선행연구를 살펴보면 리더십의 영향으로 인해 직원의 직무 수행 능력이 조직의 성공에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 변혁적리더십은 직원들이 더 나은 성과를 거둘 수 있다고 한다. 이 이론에 관한 많은 선행연구가 캄보디아의 환경과는 다른 서구와 아프리카에서 수행되었다. 또한 이 연구는 입법부에서 진행되었기 때문에 이전에 연구와는 차이가 있다. 선행연구와의 환경적 차이와 입법부를 연구대상으로 했다는 점에서 변혁적 리더십의 효과성에 대한 연구문제를 선정했다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 변혁적리더십이 어느정도 구현되었는지 조사하고, 캄보디아 상원 사무총장의 변혁적 리더십의 정도를 독립변수로 선정하고, 근로자의 직무 수행간의 관계를 종속변수로 설정하여 분석을 수행하였다. 조사대상은 캄보디아 왕국 상원 사무국 3명의 사무총장과 19개 부서에서 근무하는 모든 직원이 대상이다. 본 데이터는 150명의 데이터를 취합하였다(사무실 리더 50명과 직원 100명, 각기 다른 설문지로 2개로 나누어짐). 하나는 사무실 리더가 자신의 변혁적 리더십 스타일을 평가하고 다른 하나는 직원이 자신의 직무성과를 평가하는 것이다. 샘플매치는 한 사무실에서 리더 한 명과 직원 2명을 대상으로 실시되었다. 수집된 데이터는 SPSS 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 피어슨 상관계수 및 회귀분석을 사용하여 독립변수와 종속변수 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 상원 사무국 지도자의 대다수(64%)가 효과적으로 변혁적 리더십을 발휘하고 있었으며, 대다수가 기혼자였다. 캄보디아의 결혼한 사람들은 상대적으로 성숙해지기 때문에 미래의 성공을 가져올 수 있는 직원의 역량과 팀 정신을 향상시키는데 중점을 두어 직무에 대한 장기비전을 제시하기 때문이다. 더욱이 피어슨 상관계수의 통계분석 결과는 캄보디아 상원의 사무국에서 변혁적 리더십과 직원의 직무수행 간에 유의미한 양의 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 회귀분석 모델은 세 가지 모형으로 분석하였는데 변혁적 리더십이 캄보디아 상원의 사무국에서 직원의 직무 수행과 중요한 인과관계를 맺고 있음을 확인하였다.In Cambodia, the parliament, which includes the Senate, increasingly plays important roles in national development, and the Senate requires employee support from the Secretariat General to effectively carry out its tasks. The literature shows that employees job performance, which is often influenced by the leadership, has a great impact on the success of an organization. There is a general trend that believes transformational leadership assists employees to better performance. A large number of researches on the theory were conducted in the Western and African world, which are different from Cambodian contexts. Additionally, this research is distinct from previous studies because it took place in the legislative branch. Due to these factors, the question on the effect of transformational leadership on employees job performance emerged. Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine the extent to which transformational leadership has been implemented and to examine the relationship between transformational leadership, as an independent variable, and employees job performance, as a dependent variable, in the SecretariatGeneral of the Cambodian Senate. The study population amounts for all employees and leaders of offices working in 100 offices under 19 departments of the three General Directorates of the Secretariat General of the Senate of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The data was collected from 150 respondents – 50 office leaders and their 100 employees using two questionnaires, one for office leaders to evaluate their own transformational leadership style and one for employees to evaluate their own job performance. The sample match is, in one office, one leader and two of his/her employees were surveyed. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS program. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression were used to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The result of the study shows that the majority (64%) of office leaders at the Secretariat General of the Senate were effectively performing transformational leadership and they are more likely to be married because married people in Cambodian context are relatively more mature and tend to have a longer term of vision toward job that focusing on improving employees capacities and team spirit that can bring them success in the future. Moreover, the result of statistical analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient illustrates that there is a significant and positive relationship between transformational leadership and employees job performance at the Secretariat General of the Cambodian Senate. Three regression models show that transformational leadership has a significant and positive causal relationship with employees job performance at the Secretariat General of the Cambodian Senate.Abstract ..................................................................................................i List of figures ........................................................................................ v List of tables.......................................................................................... v List of abbreviations............................................................................ vi Chapter 1 – Introduction ..................................................................... 1 1- Background...............................................................................................1 2- Objective of the study ...............................................................................6 3- Research gaps: ..........................................................................................6 4- Research question .....................................................................................7 5- Significance of the study...........................................................................7 6- Research scope..........................................................................................8 7- Thesis structure .........................................................................................8 Chapter 2 – Literature Review.......................................................... 10 1- Definition of leadership.......................................................................10 2- Definition of transactional leadership .................................................11 3- Definition of transformational leadership - TL ...................................12 4- Definition of employees job performance - EJP ................................15 5- Related studies on the relationship between transformational leadership and employees job performance: ...............................................................20 6- Link between transformational leadership and employees job performance and theoretical framework of the study..................................27 Chapter 3 – Characteristics of the Cambodian Senate and regulations/policies to motivate employees job performance at the Secretariat General of the Cambodian Senate ................................ 30 1- Senate of the Kingdom of Cambodia and its Secretariat General...........30 2- Regulations/policies to motivate employees job performance at Cambodian Senate.......................................................................................36 Chapter 4 - Research Methodology .................................................. 39 1- Hypothesis ..............................................................................................39 2- Research Design .....................................................................................40 3- Site of the Research ................................................................................41 4- Population of the study ...........................................................................41 5- The study sample (respondents)..............................................................41 6- Data Collection and Research Instruments.............................................42 7- Validity and reliability of the instruments: .............................................44 8- Analysis of the data.................................................................................45 Chapter 5: Result and Discussion ..................................................... 47 1- Demographics of the leaders...................................................................47 2- Demographics of the employees.............................................................48 3- The extent to which transformational leadership has been implemented in the Secretariat General of the Cambodian Senate...................................50 4- The relationship between transformational leadership and employees job performance ..........................................................................................52 Chapter 6: Conclusion and limitations of the study........................ 61 1- Conclusion ..............................................................................................61 2- Recommendation ....................................................................................62 3- Limitations and further research of the study .........................................63 Reference ............................................................................................. 64 Appendices .......................................................................................... 71 국문초록 .............................................................................................. 79 Acknowledgement............................................................................... 81Maste