Aktivitas In Vitro Penurun Gula Darah dari Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa B.)

Diabetes mellitus is one of the highest causes of death in the world, with symptoms of increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). One of the efforts made as a treatment and prevention of DM is through complementary therapy using natural ingredients. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) contains flavonoid compounds potential to reduce glucose levels. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of ethanol extracts and its fractions of parijoto fruit (EEBP) to decrease glucose levels in vitro. The study was conducted at the Ngudi Waluyo University Laboratory in April to August 2018. Identification and screening of flavonoid compounds from ethanol extracts and its fractions of parijoto fruit were performed qualitatively and by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In vitro testing for antidiabetic activity of EEBP was performed with non-enzymatic reaction by Nelson Somogyi method (ethanol extract and its fractions). Experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with 12 treatments and three replications. The concentrations of parijoto fruit tested were 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, and 60 ppm. The results of qualitative identification and TLC showed that the ethanol extract and its fraction of EEBP contained flavonoid compounds. At a concentration of 30 ppm, EEBP was able to reduce glucose levels by 42.43 %, while the ethanol fraction decreased glucose levels by 83.38 %. The results showed parijoto fruit ethanol extract and its fractions were sources of antidiabetic. Hence its pharmacologically effect was necessary to be further studied.Penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia dengan gejala peningkatan kadar glukosa (hiperglikemia) dalam darah. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan sebagai pengobatan dan pencegahan DM adalah melalui terapi komplemeter menggunakan bahan alam. Buah parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berpotensi dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis keefektifan ekstrak dan fraksi etanol buah parijoto (EEBP) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Universitas Ngudi Waluyo sejak April sampai Agustus 2018. Identifikasi dan skrining senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak dan fraksi etanol buah parijoto dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Aktifitas antidiabetes EEBP diuji secara invitro dengan metode non-enzimatis Nelson-Somogyi (ekstraksi dan fraksi etanol) menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, 12 perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Konsentrasi buah parijoto yang diuji adalah 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, dan 60 ppm. Hasil identifikasi kualitatif dan KLT menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi etanol EEBP mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Pada konsentrasi 30 ppm, EEBP mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa sebesar 42,43 %, sedangkan fraksi etanolnya menurunkan kadar glukosa 83,38 %. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi etanol buah parijoto berpotensi sebagai sumber antidiabetes, namun perlu diteliti lebih lanjut secara farmakologis