Analisis Pengangkutan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) sebagai Implementasi Beyond Cabotage

Guna mengatasi neraca transaksi berjalan Indonesia yang cenderung defisit, Pemerintah Indonesia berupaya melalui Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No. 80/2018 dengan mewajibkan ekspor batu bara dan minyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil/CPO) harus menggunakan kapal yang dikuasai perusahaan pelayaran nasional (beyond cabotage). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai potensial ekspor CPO dengan mengimplementasikan kebijakan beyond cabotage. Studi kasus perencanaan pengangkutan adalah ekspor CPO dari Pelabuhan Dumai, Indonesia menuju Pelabuhan Huangpu, China dengan merencanakan pengangkutan CPO pada 3 (tiga) opsi alternatif: (1) penyewaan kapal, (2) pembelian kapal, (3) pembangunan kapal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa freight opsi pembelian kapal sebesar US$ 15.82/ton, lebih rendah 2% daripada freight opsi pembangunan kapal US$ 16.14/ton dan 3% daripada freight opsi penyewaan kapal US$ 16.31/ton. Opsi pembangunan kapal menghasilkan biaya kapital tinggi dikarenakan sebesar 55% material pembangunan kapal merupakan komponen asing (Luar Negeri/LN), dan 45% komponen lokal. Dengan implementasi beyond cabotage menggunakan opsi alternatif pengangkutan pada 5 (lima) kondisi, didapatkan nilai potensial ekspor tertinggi yaitu 100% penguasaan armada nasional menggunakan opsi pembangunan kapal, dengan investasi pengadaan sebesar US$ 485,638,161, potensi pendapatan sebesar US$ 1,861,882,012 dan sumbangan devisa (saving devisa) sebesar US$ 1,698,152,162 serta dapat mengurangi defisit neraca transaksi berjalan sebesar 22%. ======================================================= In order to overcome Indonesia's current account balance which tends to be deficit, the Government of Indonesia made efforts through the Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 80/2018 by requiring exports of coal and crude palm oil (crude palm oil / CPO) must use ships controlled by national shipping companies (beyond cabotage). The purpose of this study was to determine the potential value of CPO exports by implementing beyond cabotage policies. The case study of transportation planning is the export of CPO from Dumai Port, Indonesia to Huangpu Port, China with plans to transport CPO in 3 (three) alternative options: (1) chartering vessels, (2) secondhand vessels, (3) newbuilding vessels. The results showed that the secondhand vessel option freight was US $ 15.82 / ton, 2% lower than the newbuilding vessel option freight of US $ 16.14 / ton and 3% lower than chartering vessel option freight of US $ 16.31 / ton. The newbuilding vessel option generates high capital costs because 55% of shipbuilding materials are foreign components and 45% was local components. With the implementation of beyond cabotage using alternative transportation options in 5 (five) conditions, 100% national fleet exports using the newbuilding vessel option brings the highest potential export value. With a procurement investment of US $ 485,638,161, potential income of US $ 1,861,882,012 and foreign exchange contribution (foreign exchange savings) of US $ 1,698,152,162 and can reduce the current account deficit by 22%