Kajian Dampak Lingkungan pada Proses Produksi Pupuk ZA II di PT Petrokimia Gresik Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assessment

Pupuk ZA II merupakan salah satu produk pupuk yang diproduksi oleh PT Petrokimia Gresik dengan kapasitas sebanyak 250.000 ton/tahun. Proses pembuatan pupuk ZA II terdiri dari enam inti proses, yaitu carbonation, reaction, filtration, neutralization, evaporation & crystallization, dan drying & cooling yang pada setiap unit prosesnya menghasilkan emisi berupa zat pencemar udara dan Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Kegiatan industri pupuk mempunyai potensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan hidup, oleh karena itu perlu adanya strategi alternatif untuk menciptakan produk dengan proses produksi yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi besaran dampak lingkungan dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) berdasarkan data bahan baku, bahan kimia dan bahan bakar yang digunakan, serta produk dan emisi yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi pupuk ZA II. Analisis dampak lingkungan dilakukan dengan pendekatan midpoint dengan metode TRACI 2.1 yang meliputi kategori dampak ozone depletion, global warming, smog formation, acidification, eutrophication, human health cancer, human health non cancer, human health criteria pollutants, ecotoxicity, dan fossil fuel depletion dengan menggunakan software SimaPro 9.0. Berdasarkan hasil kajian LCA, kategori dampak acidification merupakan dampak terbesar yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi pupuk ZA II dengan nilai total perhitungan tahap normalisasi sebesar 1,56 x 10⁵, sedangkan unit proses yang menghasilkan nilai dampak terbesar ialah unit Netralisasi dengan nilai total perhitungan tahap normalisasi sebesar 1,51 x 10⁵. Dampak yang muncul pada unit ini disebabkan oleh bahan kimia bersifat asam pada produk (neutralized liquor) karena adanya penambahan asam sulfat, emisi amonia dan karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan, serta penggunaan listrik pada beberapa peralatan produksi pada unit tersebut. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya program alternatif perbaikan yang akan direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi potensi dampak yang terjadi dan meningkatkan efisiensi produksi yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Beberapa program alternatif yang dapat digunakan antara lain ialah penerapan teknologi kogenerasi, penambahan unit ammonia scrubber, dan optimasi peralatan produksi. ==================================================================================================== ZA II fertilizer is one of the fertilizer products produced by PT Petrokimia Gresik with a capacity of 250,000 tons/year. The process of making ZA II fertilizer consists of six core processes, namely carbonation, reaction, filtration, neutralization, evaporation & crystallization, and drying & cooling which in each process unit produces emissions in the form of air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHG). Fertilizer industry activities have the potential to cause environmental pollution, therefore it is necessary to have an alternative strategy to create products with environmentally friendly production processes. This research was conducted to identify the amount of environmental impact using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method based on data of raw materials, chemicals and fuels used, as well as products and emissions resulting from the ZA II fertilizer production process. Environmental impact analysis is carried out using the midpoint approach using TRACI 2.1 which includes the categories of ozone depletion, global warming, smog formation, acidification, eutrophication, human health cancer, human health non cancer, human health criteria pollutants, ecotoxicity, and fossil fuel depletion using SimaPro 9.0 software. Based on the results of the LCA study, the acidification impact category is the biggest impact produced from the ZA II fertilizer production process, with a total value of the calculation of the normalization stage of 1,56 x 10⁵. Meanwhile, the process unit that produces the greatest impact value is the Neutralization unit with a total value of the calculation of the normalization stage of 1,51 x 10⁵. The impact that appears on this unit is caused by acidic chemicals in the product (neutralized liquor) due to the addition of sulfuric acid, emissions of ammonia and carbon dioxide produced, as well as the use of electricity in some production equipment in the unit. Therefore, it is necessary to have alternative improvement programs that would be recommended to reduce the potential impacts that occur and increase production efficiency that is more environmentally friendly. Some alternative programs that can be used include the application of cogeneration technology, the addition of an ammonia scrubber unit, and the optimization of production equipment