Analysis and planning of advanced energy system of Šolta island

Donošenjem „Europskog zelenog plana“ Europska unija odlučila je do 2050. godini učiniti Europu prvim klimatski neutralnim kontinentom. Kako bi se taj cilj sproveo u djelo potrebno je implementirati nove mjere povećanja energetske učinkovitosti te integracije proizvodnje iz varijabilnih obnovljivih izvora energije. Otoci su, zbog svoje izoliranost te, s energetskog gledišta, povoljnog geografskog položaja, idealni poligoni za testiranje integracije novih tehnologija u energetske sustave. Sami otoci od toga imaju dvojaku korist – čistu, jeftinu i sigurnu energiju, ali i socio-ekonomski razvitak. Potencijal otoka prepoznat je i od strane EU osnivanjem „Tajništva za čistu energiju otoka EU“ koje pomaže otocima tijekom energetske tranzicije. U okviru rada analiziran je primjer otoka Šolte. Najprije je, prema podacima ustupljenim od strane opskrbljivača energijom napravljena analiza trenutačne potrošnje energije na otoku. Također je analizirano i trenutno stanje sektora transporta. Pomoću meteoroloških karakteristika dana je i procjena potencijala za proizvodnju iz OIE. Zatim je, u računalnom alatu EnergyPLAN, simulirana energetska tranzicija otoka s krajnjom 2035. godinom. Kreirana su četiri scenarija: implementacija pametne rasvjete, elektrifikacija cestovnog prometa, prebacivanje pomorskog linijskog prometa na LNG pogon, integracija proizvodnje električne energije iz PV modula te skupni scenarij. Simulirani scenariji uspoređeni su po najvažnijim parametrima: emisijama CO₂, trošku energetskog sustava, CEEP-u, potrebnom uvozu električne energije te udjelu OIE u primarnoj potrošnji energije. Usporedbom je zaključeno kako najbolje rezultate daju integracija proizvodnje električne energije iz PV modula te elektrifikacija cestovnog prometa te su upravo te mjere predložene kao stupovi buduće energetske tranzicije otoka Šolte.By adopting the “European Green Deal”, the European Union has decided to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary to implement new measures of increasing energy efficiency as well as integrate production form variable renewable energy sources. Due to their isolation and, from an energetic standpoint, favourable geographical position, islands make an ideal testing grounds for testing the integration of new technologies into energy systems. The benefit to the islands themselves is twofold – they receive clean, cheap and secure energy, but also a socio-economic development is achieved. The potential of the islands has also been recognized by the EU with the establishment of “The Clean Energy for EU Islands Secretariat”, which helps islands with their energy transition. Within the framework of this paper an example of the island of Šolta is analysed. Foremost, based on the data provided by the energy supplier, an analysis of the current energy consumption on the island was conducted. The current state of the transport sector was also analysed. Using meteorological data, an assessment of the production from RES is given. Afterwards, using the computer tool EnergyPLAN, a simulation of the energy transition with the final year of 2035. was conducted. Four scenarios were created: implementation of smart lightning, electrification of road traffic, switching of maritime traffic to LNG propulsion, integration of electricity production from PV modules and a final, common scenario. The simulated scenarios were compared according to the most important parameters: CO₂ emissions, cost of the energy system, CEEP, required import of electricity and the share of RES in the primary energy consumption. The comparison concluded that the best results are given by the integration of the energy production from the PV modules and electrification of road traffic, so these measures are proposed as the pillars of the future energy transition of the island of Šolta