Complications of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs

Šećerna bolest u pasa je česta endokrinopatija karakterizirana relativnim ili apsolutnim nedostatkom inzulina u krvi. Inzulin se luči kao odgovor na povećanje koncentracije glukoze u krvi. Većina pasa sa šećernom bolesti su u dobi od 5 do 12 godina. Ženke dva puta češće obole od mužjaka. Klinički znakovi šećerne bolesti posljedica su povećane koncentracije glukoze u krvi i nemogućnosti organizma da glukozu koristi kao izvor energije za stanice. Četiri glavna simptoma šećerne bolesti su poliurija, polidipsija, gubitak težine i polifagija. Šećerna bolest dijagnosticira se na temelju prisutnih kliničkih znakova, konstantno povišene koncentracije glukoze u krvi i nalazu glukoze u urinu. Psi sa šećernom bolesti liječe se aplikacijom inzulina dva puta dnevno uz promjenu prehrane. Preporučuje se hranjanje po istom rasporedu istom hranom istog sastava svaki dan. Vježbanje bi trebalo biti svakodnevno, po mogućnosti u isto vrijeme svaki dan. Najčešće akutne komplikacije su dijabetička ketoacidoza, hipoglikemija i koma koje su vrlo brzog tijeka i mogu imati letalan ishod. Od kroničnih komplikacija javljaju se katarakta, uveitis, dijabetička neuropatija i nefropatija, sistemska hipertenzija te dermatološke promjeneCanine diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy, characterized by relative or absolute deficiency of the hormone insulin. Insulin is usually secreted in response to an increase in circulating concentration of glucose. Most dogs with diabetes mellitus are 5-12 years of age. Females are twice as likely to be affected than males. The clinical signs of diabetes mellitus are related to elevated concentrations of blood glucose and the inability of the body to use glucose as an energy source. The four main symptoms of diabetes mellitus are polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and polyphagia. Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed by the presence of the typical clinical signs, a persistently high level of glucose in the blood, and the presence of glucose in the urine. Dogs with diabetes mellitus generally require two insulin injections each day, and nutrition is an important component of disease management. In general, they must be fed the same food in the same amount on the same schedule every day. The daily routine for diabetic dogs should include exercise, preferably at the same time each day. The most common acute complications are diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia and coma, which are very fast-paced and can have a lethal outcome. Chronic complications include cataracts, uveitis, diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, systemic hypertension, and dermatological change