Technological processes and labour organization in container terminal automation system

U ovom radu analizirani su tehnološki procesi i organizacija rada u sustavu automatiziranih kontejnerskih terminala. Detaljno su prikazani svi aspekti automatizacije pojedinih podsustava kontejnerskog terminala. Povijest kontejnerskih terminala opisana je kako bi čitatelja upoznala s načinom rada prije razvoja automatiziranih kontejnerskih terminala. Razvoj je prezentiran kroz način na koji su terminali projektirani, proučavanjem njihovih tehnoloških procesa te kako digitalizacija utječe na rad automatiziranih kontejnerskih terminala. Prikazana su automatizirana prijevozno-prekrcajna sredstva koja čine automatski navođena vozila, automatizirani portalni prijenosnici malog raspona i automatizirane skladišne dizalice. U konačnici, rad sumira glavne prednosti i nedostatke koji se odnose na automatizaciju kontejnerskih terminala.This paper focuses on analyzing technological processes and labor organization in automated container terminals. The aspects of automatization for individual subsystem of container terminal are shown in detail. History of container terminals is described so the reader would be introduced with how the work was organized on these types of terminals before the development of automated container terminals started. The development is presented by describing the design of the terminals, their technological processes and how digitalization has affected work activities in automated container terminals. The automated transport-transhipment equipment mentioned in the paper are automated guided vehicles, automated straddle carrier and automated stacking crane. In conclusion, paper summarizes main advantages and disadvantages of automation in container terminals