Change in Dietary Habits of Chronic Pain Patients after Education on Nutrition

Kronična bol samostalna je bolest s vlastitim simptomima, sindromima i komplikacijama. Kompleksnost kronične boli zahtjeva multidisciplinarni pristup liječenju, a u novije vrijeme sve je više dokaza o potencijalu prehrane u kontroli kronične boli. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati dolazi li do promjene u prehrambenim navikama, kvaliteti prehrane te statusu uhranjenosti u osoba s dijagnozom kronične boli nakon edukacije o prehrani koja je specifično prilagođena njihovim potrebama. Intervencija je provedena u sklopu četverotjednog multidisciplinarnog programa liječenja kronične boli. Cijeli protokol istraživanja je dostupan u registru kliničkih istraživanja (NCT03837080). Oboljeli su nakon edukacije o prehrani povećali broj obroka u danu (p<0,001), smanjena je učestalost preskakivanja obroka (p=0,023) i prejedanja (p=0,002). Nisu utvrđene značajne promjene u unosu energije i makronutrijenata, no smanjen je unos masti i monosaharida, a povećana konzumacija biljnih bjelančevina. Smanjen je unos vitamina B12 (namirnice životinjskog podrijetla, p=0,005) i natrija (industrijski procesirana hrana, p=0,043), a povećan unos mangana (žitarice, povrće i čaj; p=0,018). Indeks tjelesne mase, omjer struk-bokovi te omjer struk-visina značajno su se smanjili nakon intervencije (p=0,008; 0,022; <0,001), kao i četiri tjedna nakon intervencije (p=0,015; 0,009; <0,001).Chronic pain is an independent disease with its own symptoms, syndromes and complications. Its complexity requires multidisciplinary approach in the treatment, and recently accumulating evidences supports the role of nutrition in controlling chronic pain. The aim of this study was to examine whether nutrition education specifically designed for chronic pain changes dietary habits, quality of nutrition and state of nourishment of chronic pain patients. The intervention was integrated in the 4-week multidisciplinary program for the treatment of chronic pain. Full protocol is available in the clinical trials registry (NCT03837080). After the education patients increased the number of meals per day (p<0.001), less frequently skip meals (p=0.023) and overeat (p=0.002). No significant change was found for energy and macronutrient intake. However, fat and monosaccharides consumption decreased while consumption of plant proteins increased. Intakes of vitamin B12 (animal products, p=0.005) and sodium (industrially processed food, p=0.043) decreased, while manganese intake increased (cereals, vegetables and tea; p=0.018). Body Mass Index, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios lowered significantly after the intervention (p=0.008; 0.022; <0.001 respectively), as well as after the 4-week follow-up (p=0.015; 0.009;