Assessment of the impact of erythromycin on bacteria Pseudomonas putida isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater

Demografski rast stanovništva, širenje urbanih sredina, razvoj industrije te ubrzani način života, pokretačke su sile za povećanu upotrebu i proizvodnju farmaceutika. Različiti su izvori njihova dospijevanja u okoliš, a uslijed abiotičkih i biotičkih djelovanja mogu promijeniti svoju prvotnu strukturu. Potrebno je pratiti koncentracije farmaceutika u okolišu te standardnim metodama određivati njihov utjecaj na izložene organizme. Makrolidni se antibiotici navode kao štetni po okoliš uslijed velike potrošnje i duljeg zadržavanja u okolišu. U svrhu uklanjanja farmaceutika iz okoliša, proučavaju se razni postupci, no sve zastupljenije postaje iskorištavanje enzimatske sposobnosti mikroorganizama za njihovo uklanjanje. U ovome je radu provedena procjena utjecaja makrolidnog antibiotika eritromicina na bakterijsku kulturu Pseudomonas putidu izoliranu iz otpadne farmaceutske vode. Testovi toksičnosti provedeni pomoću bakterije Vibrio fischeri svrstavaju eritromicin kao slabo toksičnu tvar uz mogući rizik po okoliš. Istraživan je potencijal biorazgradnje eritromicina bakterijskom kulturom P. putidom s obzirom na rezultate testova osjetljivosti koji su pokazali otpornost kulture na raspon koncentracija eritromicina 0,2-2000 mg L^-1. Nakon uzgoja stanica baktrerijske kulture na Tryptic Soy Broth-u, praćena je aktivnost enzima esteraze u uvjetima bez i uz dodatak 0,2 mg L^-1 i 200 mg L^-1 eritromicina. Aktivnost enzima je rasla bez obzira na koncentraciju eritromicina, ali su pri 200 mg L^-1 uočene morfološke promjene stanica P. putide.Demographic growth of population, urbanization, industrialization and hectic lifestyle are driving forces for increasing utilization of pharmaceuticals and their production. There are different sources of their entry into the environment and due to abiotic and biotic activity their primary structures can be changed. It is necessary to control concentration of pharmaceuticals in the environment and determine their impact on exposed organisms by standard methods. Macrolide antibiotics are harmful for the environment due to their large consumption and longer environmental persistence. In order to remove pharmaceuticals from the environment, different processes are being researched with emphasis on enzymatic capability of microorganisms. In this study, assessment of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin on bacterial culture Pseudomonas putida isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater was investigated. Bioassays conducted with bacteria Vibrio fischeri classified erythromycin as low toxic substance with possible risk for the environment. Biodegradation potential of erythromycin with bacterial culture Pseudomonas putida was investigated with susceptibility tests which indicated the resistance of bacteria at range of erythromycin concentration from 0.2 to 2000 mg L^-1. After cultivation of bacterial culture on Tryptic Soy Broth, activity of enzyme esterase was determined in conditions without and with addition of 0.2 mg L^-1 and 200 mg L^-1 of erythromycin. Activity of enzyme increased regardless of erythromycin concentration, while morphological changes of P. putida were noticed at 200 mg L^-1 of erythromycin