Household system planning for the transition to renewable energy sources

U ovom je radu provedena ekonomska analiza integracije fotonaponskog (FN) sustava priključenog na mrežu instaliranoga na obiteljskoj kući u Zagrebu. U prvom dijelu rada prikazan je značaj sunca kao izvora energije i njegov potencijal. Također, opisana je teorijska osnova rada FN članaka i sustava. U drugom dijelu rada prikazana uobičajena godišnja potrošnja analiziranog kućanstva, zatim je u PVGIS servisu analizirana ozračenost na lokaciji kuće, te je izračunata snaga sunčane elektrane potrebna da pokrije godišnju potrošnju električne energije kućanstva. Sukladno potrebnoj snazi sunčane elektrane dimenzionirane su komponente sustava. Odabrani su FN moduli i izmjenjivač te je izračunata ukupna cijena postavljanja sunčane elektrane sa svim komponentama uključujući i nosače, naknadu za priključenje i okvirnu cijenu montaže. Nakon toga provedene su dvije analize isplativosti projekta. U prvoj analizi razmatran je postupak u kojemu se 30% proizvedene električne energije odmah potroši za zadovoljavanje potrošnje kućanstva, dok se višak prodaje u mrežu. U drugoj analizi razmatran je postupak neto mjerenja u kojemu se višak proizvedene električne energije prividno pohranjuje u mrežu te se iskorištava u vrijeme kada FN moduli ne mogu pokriti potrošnju električne energije kućanstva. Na samom kraju prikazan je zakonski postupak koji je potrebno proći kako bi se instalirala sunčana elektrana.In this work it was presented an economic analysis of the installation of the photovoltaic (PV) system installed the roof of the family house in Zagreb. In the first part of the work, the Sun is presented as an energy source and its potential is analyzed. Furthermore, the theoretical basis of PV cells and systems was explained. In the second part it was analyzed the yearly electric consumption of a given household, then in PVGIS service it was calculated solar irradiance as well as the power of the solar power plant needed to meet the yearly demands of a given household. According to the required power of the solar power plant, the components of the system were chosen. The PV modules and inverter have been selected, and the price of the whole system was calculated including parts needed for installation as well as the installation itself. After that, two cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted. In the first analysis, it was taken that 30% of the generated electrical energy is used for self-consumption while the rest is sold to the grid. In the second analysis it was used net metering. Meaning that the surplus of generated energy is stored in the grid and that electricity is used when PV system cannot meet household demands. In the end, there are listed all legal requirements one must meet in order to install a solar power plant