3D printing of capsules for controlled drug release

U posljednje vrijeme ubrzanim razvojem tehnologije 3D tiska otvorila se mogućnost njene primjene u mnogim industrijama, pa tako i u farmaceutskoj industriji. Tehnologija 3D tiska je zaslužna za modernizaciju farmaceutske industrije zbog brojnih prednosti poput jednostavnosti izrade modela i mogućnosti tiskanja složenih oblika. Prihvaćanje 3D tiska u farmaceutskoj industriji dokazuje i prva 3D tiskana tableta odobrena od strane FDA. U ovom istraživanju dizajnirana i 3D tiskana su dva modela kapsula. Modeli Super-H i Limenka dizajnirani su u svrhu kontroliranog otpuštanja djelatne tvari. Kapsule su tiskane iz poli(vinil-alkohola), biorazgradivog farmaceutski prihvatljivog polimera. U radu kao modelni lijek korišten je dronedaron hidroklorid, lijek za lječenje srčane aritmije. U radu provedeno je ispitivanje otpuštanja bojila iz kapsula, optička analiza opne modela Super-H i otpuštanje dronedaron hidroklorida u fosfatnom puferu pH vrijednosti 4,5, otopini FeSSIF koja simulira nahranjene uvijete tankog crijeva i otopini FaSSIF koja simulira gladne uvijete također tankog crijeva. U rezultatima je vidljivo da modifikacije debljini opni poklopaca modela Super-H imaju značajan utjecaj na brzinu otpuštanja, te se kombinacijom poklopaca može kontrolirati otpuštanje. Modelom Limenka se također postiže kontrolirano produljeno otpuštanje. Dizajnom kapsula moguća je kontrola otpuštanja lijeka modificiranjem debljini stijenki i prilagodbom geometrije.Recently, the accelerated development of 3D printing technology has opened up the possibility of its application in many industries, including the pharmaceutical industry. 3D printing technology has a major contribution to the modernization of the pharmaceutical industry due to its many advantages, such as the simplicity of model design and the ability to print complex forms. Acceptance of the 3D printing in the pharmaceutical industry is also proven by FDA approval of the first 3D printed tablet. In this research, two capsule models were designed and 3D printed. Super-H and Limenka models are designed for the purpose of controlled release of the active substance. Capsules are printed from poly(vinyl-alcohol), a biodegradable pharmaceutically acceptable polymer. As a model drug in this research dronedarone hydrochloride, a medicine for cardiac arrhythmia was used. The study investigates the release of the dye powder from the capsules, the optical analysis of the quality of Super-H membrane and the release of dronedarone hydrochloride in phosphate buffer pH 4.5, a FeSSIF solution that simulates fed state intestinal fluid and FaSSIF solution that simulates the fasted state intestinal fluid. The results show that the modification of the membrane thicknesses of the Super-H capsule cover has a significant effect on the release rate. Controlled release can be achieved with the combination of caps. The model Limenka achieves controlled extended release. Capsule design allows control of drug release by modifying the thickness of the wall and adjusting the geometry of capsules