PREVENTION OF MUSULOSKELATAL DISORDERS AMONG DENTISTS

Muskuloskeletne su bolesti stanja koja pogađaju i sustav za kretanje, pri čemu može biti zahvaćen samo jedan dio ili više dijelova sustava. Muskuloskeletne bolesti velik su problem u dentalnoj medicini zbog ozbiljnih i često perzistirajućih bolova, funkcijskih ograničenja i nemogućnosti izvođenja svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Najčešće zahvaćeni dijelovi tijela jesu vrat (52 %), donji dio kralježnice (41 %), ramena (29 %) i ručni zglob (26 %). Dugotrajni, ponavljajući, neugodni i snažni pokreti rukama, nepravilan položaj tijela i nepravilno pozicioniran pacijent, loš odabir instrumenata i ergonomski loše dizajnirano radno mjesto te prekomjeran rad, uzrokuju muskuloskeletne boljesti. Danas se sve veća pažnja pridaje dizajnu ergonomskih dentalnih instrumenata, odnosno onih kojima će se postići što bolji učinak uz što manje naprezanja. Balansiran ili neutralan položaj čini koncept pravilnog položaja pri radu i preporučuje se njegova uporaba prilikom većine zahvata. Preporučuje se izvođenje vježbi istezanja nakon obrade svakog pacijenta. Edukacija doktora dentalne medicine o muskuloskeletnim bolestima i prevencija tih bolesti od velike su važnosti jer se njima smanjuju rizici, incidencija i teškoće uzrokovane tim bolestima, s obzirom na to da ni konzervativno ni operacijsko liječenje nisu u potpunosti uspješni.Musculoskeletal disorders are conditions that affect mostly the locomotor system, affecting only one or more parts of the system. Musculoskeletal disorders are a major problem in dentistry due to severe and often persistent pain, functional limitations, and inability to perform daily activities. The most commonly affected parts of the body are the neck (52%), the lower spine (41 %), the shoulders (29 %) and the wrist (26 %). Prolonged, repetitive, uncomfortable and strong hand movements, incorrect body position and incorrectly positioned patient, poor choice of instruments and ergonomically poorly designed workstation and excessive work all of these lead to musculoskeletal diseases. Today, more importance is given to the design of ergonomic dental instruments, those instruments that dentists will achieve the best possible effect with as little effort as possible. Balanced or neutral position is the concept of correct position during work and it is recommended to use it during most procedures. It is recommended to perform stretching exercises between patients. Education and prevention of musculoskeletal diseases among dentists is of great importance since the risks, incidence and severity of musculoskeletal diseases are reduced because neither conservative nor surgical treatment is not completely successful