Cancer cells metabolism : bachelor thesis

Rak se povijesno smatrao kao poremećaj širenja malignih stanica, međutim novija istraživanja i dokazi sugeriraju da ga treba smatrati metaboličkom bolešću. Rastući tumori preusmjeravaju svoje metaboličke programe kako bi zadovoljili i čak premašili bioenergetske i biosintetske potrebe neprekidnog rasta stanica. Invazija tumorskih stanica u okolna tkiva i njihovo širenje (metastaze) na udaljene organe glavni je uzrok smrtnosti većine bolesnika s karcinomom. Metabolički profil koji se može opaziti u stanicama karcinoma uključuje povećanu glikolizu, povećanu potrošnju glukoze i glutamina, pojačano lučenje laktata te poremećaj rada metaboličkih enzima. Stanice raka ne zahtijevaju potrošnju kisika u svrhu dobivanja energije kao što je to slučaj kod normalnih stanica. Umjesto toga, stanice raka se koriste glukozom 5-10 puta više u odnosu na normalnu stanicu za primarnu proizvodnju energije. Bez jasnog razumijevanja načina na koji nastaje rak, postaje teško formulirati uspješnu strategiju za učinkovito dugoročno upravljanje i prevenciju bolesti. Neuspjeh u jasnom definiranju podrijetla raka u velikoj je mjeri odgovoran za neuspjeh značajnog smanjenja stope smrtnosti. Metabolizam karcinoma dobiva sve veću pažnju te je veoma zanimljiv znanstvenicima u istraživanjima protutumorskih terapeutika. Ovim radom dan je kratki prikaz razlika u metabolizmu stanica raka u odnosu na normalnu stanicu te način na koji bi se u budućnosti mogla ciljati meta tumorskog metabolizma kako bi se razvila moguća prikladna protutumorska terapija.Cancer has historically been considered spreading disorder , however recent research and evidence suggest that it should be considered a metabolic disease. Growing toumors redirect their metabolic programs , to meet and even exceed the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of continuos cell growth. Invasion of tumor cells intos surrounding tissue and their spread ( metastasis ) to distant organs is a major cause of mortality in most cancer patients. The metabolic profile that can be observed in cancer cells includes increased glycolysis , increased consumption of glucose and glutamine , increased lactate secreation , and impaired use of metabolic enzyme metabolism . Cancer cells do not required oxygen , consumption for purpose of obtaining energy as is the case with normal cells . Instead cancer cells use glucose 5-10 times more than a normal cell for primary energy production. Without a clear understanding of how cancer develops , it becomes difficult to formualte a successful strategy for effective long – term managemnt and prevention. Failure to clearly define the origine of cancer is largely resposible for the failure to significantly reduce the death rate from the disease. Cancer metabolism is gaining increasing attention and is of great interest to scientists in research for antitumor therapy. This paper provides a breef overview of the differences in cancer in cell metabolism realtive to normal cells and way in which the target of tumor metabolism could be targeted in the future in order to develope a possible appropriate antitumor therapy