Individualized approach for blind and visually impaired pupils in Physical education

Učenici s oštećenjem vida integrirani su u redovne osnovne škole i nastavu pohađaju prema redovnom programu uz individualizirani pristup. Nastava Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture značajno utječe na razvoj morfoloških, motoričkih i funkcionalnih obilježja učenika. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je individualizirati i prilagoditi program Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture učenicima s oštećenjem vida. U radu su definirana oštećenja vida, njihovi uzroci te simptomi koji mogu ukazati na postojanje teškoća s vidom. Prikazane su karakteristike učenika s oštećenjem vida, značajke njihovog motoričkog razvoja te najčešće bolesti oka. Kako bi slijepi i slabovidni učenici mogli ostvariti svoj potencijal, nastavu je potrebno individualizirati. Individualizirani pristup u nastavi omogućava prilagodbu zadataka stvarnim potrebama djeteta, čime se ostvaruje maksimalni mogući uspjeh. Individualizacija se provodi prilagodbom prostora, opreme i motoričkih aktivnosti. Redovito tjelesno vježbanje smanjuje mogućnost nastanka dodatnih zdravstvenih komplikacija, stoga bi učitelji svakodnevno trebali motivirati učenike na redovito bavljenje kineziološkim aktivnosti i izvan škole. Rad sadrži preporuke za sat Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture te Godišnji izvedbeni plan i program za drugi razred osnovne škole prilagođen učenicima s oštećenjem vida.Students with visual impairments are integrated into regular primary schools and attend classes according to the regular program with an individualized approach. Physical education significantly influences the development of morphological, motor and functional characteristics of students. The aim of this thesis is to individualize and adapt the program of Physical Education to students with visual impairments. The paper defines visual impairments, their causes and symptoms that may indicate the presence of visual dificulties. The characteristics of students with visual impairments and their motor development, as well as the most common eye diseases are presented. In order for blind and partially sighted students to realize their potential, teaching needs to be individualized. An individualized approach in teaching enables the adjustment of tasks to the real needs of the child, thus achieving the maximum possible success. Individualization is carried out by adapting space, equipment and motor activities. Regular physical exercise reduces the possibility of additional health complications, so teachers should motivate students on a daily basis to engage in regular kinesiological activities outside of school. The paper contains recommendations for the Physical Education class and the Annual Implementation Plan and Program for the second grade of primary school adapted to students with visual impairments