Adolescents deviant behavior

Ponašanje ljudi općenito je usmjereno postizanju cilja i zadovoljenju neke potrebe, a prije svega potrebe za preživljavanjem i zabavom. Obrasci ponašanja uče se prema modelu nagrade i kazne, odnosno pozitivnog i negativnog potkrepljenja. Svako društvo i kultura stvaraju norme i standarde ponašanja kojih se njihovi članovi trebaju pridržavati. Devijantna ponašanja stoga nastaju u kontekstu društvenih pravila i normi koji se nečijim postupcima krše. S aspekta zdravstvene zaštite brojna su devijantna i štetna ponašanja općeprihvaćena u društvu koje ih svojim trendovima i potiče. Devijantna i rizična ponašanja usmjerena su na sebe i druge, a manifestiraju se kroz agresiju različitog oblika i intenziteta, neodgovorno ponašanje prema sebi i drugima, kršenja pravila i normi do razine delikvencije i kriminala. U ovom radu prikazani su najučestaliji oblici devijantnih ponašanja i ovisnosti kojima su izloženi djeca i mladi, ali su i u porastu u općoj populaciji. Navedeni rizici za njihovo nastajanje i učestalost pronalaze se u individualnim karakteristikama djece i odraslih, u strukturi i dinamici obiteljskih odnosa, društvenoj potpori i položaju u skupini vršnjaka te institucijama koje vrše prevenciju i korekciju. Prevencijska se znanost oslanja na međudjelovanje čimbenika zaštite i individualnih snaga za odupiranje rizičnim faktorima te kontekstu u kojemu se ta interakcija odvija. Utvrđeno je da su rizičnijim i štetnim ponašanjima pušenja, opijanja, korištenja droga i kockanju te ispoljavanju agresije skloniji adolescentni i odrasli muškarci pod utjecajem modela takvih osobina. Rizična ponašanja djevojaka i žena češće proizlaze iz anksioznosti i depresivnosti. Postojeći pokazatelji rizičnih i devijantnih ponašanja hrvatskih adolescenata i mladih ukazuju na pozitivan trend praćenja učestalosti na europskoj i svjetskoj razini. Uz većinu opisanih devijantnih ponašanja prikazani su i najnoviji podaci za populaciju srednjoškolaca u varaždinskoj županiji.Generally, people's behavior is caused by need to achieve some goal and meeting one's need but above all the need for survival and fun. Behavior patterns are learned according to reward and punishment model or in the other words positive and negative reinforcement. Standards and norms of behavior that their members should follow are created by every society and culture differently. Deviant behaviors therefore arise in the context of social rules and norms violated by one's actions. What is considered deviant or harmful behavior from the health care point of view is sometimes accepted in a society or even encouraged by social trends. Deviant and risky behaviors are directed at oneself and the others revealed as violation of rules and aggression of different form and intensity towards oneself or the others up to the level of delinquency and crime. This thesis presents the most common forms of deviant behaviors and addictions that young people and children are exposed to and are also increasing in the population in general as well. The risks and their occurrence and frequency are found in the individual characteristics of children and adults, the structure and dynamics of family relationships, social support, position of the individual in group and institutions that carry out prevention and correction. Prevention science relies on the interaction of protection factors and an individual force to resist risk factors considering the context this interaction takes place. Adult males and adolescents are found to be more likely at risk of harmful behaviors – smoking, intoxication, drug use, gambling and manifesting aggression under influence of models of such traits. On the other hand risky behaviors of female are more often the result of anxiety and depression. Existing indicators shows positive trend of Croatian adolescents and young people in risky and deviant behavior in European and world wide frequency monitoring. This thesis presents most deviant behavior for the high school population according to the most recent data for Varaždin County