Treatment work with youth in conflict with the law

Cilj ovog rada usmjeren je na prikaz postojećih tretmana za mlade u sukobu sa zakonom. Mladima koji počine prekršaj ili kazneno djelo izreći će se određena sankcija u skladu s Prekršajnim zakonom, Zakonom o sudovima za mlade ili Zakonom o kaznenom postupku. Sankcije mogu biti izvaninstitucionalne, poluinstitucionalne ili institucionalne. U navedenim zakonima se kao sankcije navode odgojne mjere, kazne (novčana kazna i kazna maloljetničkog zatvora) te zaštitne ili sigurnosne mjere. Svrha izricanja sankcija je rehabilitacija i resocijalizacija maloljetnika, a cilj je usmjeren na promjenu osobnosti i ponašanja maloljetnika. Važno je procijeniti koje su karakteristike maloljetnika dovele do počinjenja prekršajnog ili kaznenog djela te je potom ključno tretmanske programe individualizirati, odnosno odrediti u skladu s tim karakteristikama. Tretmanski programi obuhvaćaju tri razine: opće metode programa (obrazovanje, rad i slobodno vrijeme), posebne programe tretmana (za posebne kategorije maloljetnika, odnosno ovisnike i nasilnike) i male rehabilitacijske programe (za rješavanje nekih specifičnih problema). Vrlo je važan način organizacije rada u institucijama te se kao ključni uvjeti za uspješnost tretmana navode veličina grupe, stručno osoblje i način rada s maloljetnicima (grupni, individualni ili rad pomoću ostalih metoda). Navedeni uvjeti često nisu ispunjeni te je, u skladu s time, uspješnost provedbe tretmana umanjena.The aim of this paper is to present existing treatments for youth in conflict with the law. Young people who commit a misdemeanor or criminal offense will be sanctioned in accordance with the Misdemeanor Act, the Juvenile Courts Act or the Criminal Procedure Act. Sanctions can be extra-institutional, semi-institutional and institutional. In the aforementioned laws, sanctions are upbringing measures, penalty (fine and juvenile imprisonment) and protective or security measures. The purpose of imposing sanctions is the rehabilitation and re-socialization of minors and the aim is to focused on changing personality and behavior of minors. It is important to assess which youth characteristics led to the commission of the misdemeanor or criminal offense, and then it is key to individualize the treatment programs and to determine them in accordance with these characteristics. Treatment programs cover three levels: general program methods (education, work and free time), special treatment programs (for special categories of minors – addicts and bullies) and small rehabilitations programs (to solve some specific problems). The work organization in institution is very important and as key conditions for successful treatment are listed group size, professional staff and working approach with minors (group, individual or work with other methods). These conditions often are not met which leads to lesser treatment effectiveness