A survey of theoretical and experimental insights about high temperature superconducting materials

Supravodljivost je fenomen i fascinantno područje fizike kojeg znanstvenici diljem svijeta već stotinjak godina nastoje razviti i objasniti raznim metodama. Jedno od najimpresivnijih svojstva tvari koji su supervodiči jest da pri temperaturi koja je ispod njihove kritične temperature gube svojstvo električnog otpora. Uz pojavu tog svojstva istodobno dolazi i do pojave magnetskih efekta i stvaranja savršenih dijamagnetika. Cilj ovog rada je napraviti teorijski i eksperimentalni pregled spoznaja o visokotemperaturnoj supravodljivosti materijala. U radu će biti navedeni ključni pojmovi vezani za pojam supravodljivosti, a navest će se i neki primjeri visokotemperaturnih supravodiča te prikazati njihove karakteristike i strukturne oblike. Također će se pokazati modeli kojima su znanstvenici nastojali objasniti pojave i mehanizme supravodljivosti, a najpoznatiji model je BCS. Primjena fenomena supravodljivosti u području medicine, transporta, elektronike, proizvodnje struje itd. Značaj otkrića visokotemperaturnih supravodiča te otvaranje novih mogućnosti na ovom polju fizike. Potražnja za sve većom količinom energije u svijetu i nemogućnost transporta tolike količine energije konvencionalnim materijalima za posljedicu ima razvoj novih materijala supravodiča koji vode električnu energiju bez gubitka pri prijenosu.Superconductivity is a phenomenon and a fascinating area of physics that scientist around the world for hundreds of years try to develop and explain with various methods. One of the most remarkable characteristics of the superconducting substance is that at a temperature below it's critical temperature they lose their electrical resistence. Simultaneously, with the emergence of this performance comes the appearance of magnetic effects and the creation of perfect diamagnetics. The aim of this paper is to make a theoretical and experimental examination of informations about high - temperature superconductivity materials. In this paper the key terms related to superconductivity will be listed and there will also be some examples of high - temperature superconductors, and the aim is to show their characteristics and structural features. Also, the models that scientists have been trying to explain the phenomena and mechanisms of superconductivity in which the most famous model is BCS. The application of the phenomenon of superconductivity is used in medical, transportation, electronics, power generation services etc. The significance of the discovery of high - temperature superconductors, and opening up new possibilities in the field of physics. The demand for ever - increasing amounts of energy in the world and the inability to transport that energy with conventional materials, resulting in the development of new superconducting materials which lead electricity without loss in transmission