Welding of car bodies

U automobilskoj industriji zavarivanje karoserije automobila je najosnovnija i jedna od kompleksnijih operacija. Iako se koriste različiti postupci zavarivanja karoserije, najširu primjenu ima elektrootporno točkasto zavarivanje i zavarivanje s aktivnim plinom (MAG). Ti postupci danas su najčešće robotizirani. Puno je razloga zašto proizvođači automobila koriste robotske sustave za zavarivanje karoserije automobila. Uz smanjenje troškova i povećanje sigurnosti radnika, njihova je sposobnost da dosljedno ispunjavaju očekivanja industrije bez kašnjenja i unutar vremenskih ograničenja. Roboti proizvode točne, visokokvalitetne zavarene spojeve s manje pogrešaka i, samim tim, ozljeda. Njihovo programiranje omogućuje im da lako obavljaju složene zadatke. S novim industrijskim standardima koji zahtijevaju automobile manje mase, roboti mogu izrađivati čvršće zavarene spojeve koje samo oni mogu postići. Roboti igraju ključnu ulogu u automobilskoj industriji jer mogu proizvoditi nova i napredna, visokokvalitetna vozila. Kako zahtjevi koje postavlja automobilska industrija postaju veći i precizniji, roboti ih mogu ispunjavati brže i učinkovitije. Cilj ovog rada je pokazati koji se sve postupci najviše koriste kod zavarivanja automobilskih karoserija. Od njih su izdvojeni i detaljno opisani postupci elektrootpornog točkastog i MAG zavarivanja, korištena oprema, te je prikazan postupak automatizacije i robotizacije navedenih postupaka. U konačnici prikazano je korištenje navedenih postupaka u praksi.In the automotive industry, car body welding is the most basic and one of the most complex operations. Although different body welding procedures are used, the most widely used are resistance spot welding and metal active gas (MAG) welding. These procedures are most often robotic today. There are many reasons why car manufacturers use robotic systems to weld car bodies. In addition to reducing costs and increasing worker safety, their ability is to consistently meet industry expectations without delay and within time constraints. Robots produce accurate, high-quality welded joints with fewer errors and, therefore, injuries. Their programming allows them to easily perform complex tasks. With new industry standards calling for lighter cars, robots are able to produce tighter welds that only they can achieve. Robots play a key role in the automotive industry because they can produce new and advanced, high-quality vehicles. As the demands set by the automotive industry become larger and more precise, robots are able to meet them faster and more efficiently. The aim of this paper is to show which procedures are most used in welding of car bodies. From them, the procedures of electric resistance spot and MAG welding, the equipment used, and the procedure of automation and robotization of the mentioned procedures are presented and described in detail. Finally, the use of these procedures in practice is shown