Hydropower plants

Osnovni zadatak ovog završnog rada je pregled podjele hidroelektrana prema načinu ostvarenja pada te prema položaju strojarnice. Na osnovi podjele prema načinu ostvarenja pada, opisane su pribranske akumulacijske i riječne protočne hidroelektrane koje pad ostvaruju usporavanjem toka vode. Drugi način ostvarenja koncentracije pada je derivacijom vode do postrojenja, na temelju čega se razlikuju derivacije pod tlakom i sa slobodnim vodnim licem. Prema položaju strojarnice, analizirane su hidroelektrane s nadzemnom, podzemnom i ukopanom strojarnicom, a dane su i osnovne informacije o funkciji turbine i generatora. Osim osnovnih podjela, opisane su i općenite karakteristike i grupe građevina svake hidroelektrane te njihova uloga u energetskoj mreži, a u uvodnim i zaključnim dijelovima rada govori se o prošlim, sadašnjim i budućim potrebama za energijom.The primary task of this thesis is to review the classification of hydropower plants based on the way of head realization and the position of the engine room. Based on the way of head realization, this thesis describes storage and run-of- river hydropower plants where the head is realized by slowing down the water flow. Another way of concentrating the head is by derivation of water to the plant facility, which can be pressurized or free flow derivation. When it comes to engine room position, this thesis analyzes hydropower plants with above- ground, underground and dug-into-ground engine rooms. Also, basic information about the function of turbine and generator is provided. Beside the basic classification, general characteristics and object groups of every hydropower plant are described, as well as its role inside the energy network. Introductory and concluding parts of the thesis mention past, current and future needs for energy