Social and Cultural images of female adolescent in 19th Century

U ovom radu će se istražiti, analizirati i interpretirati društvene i kulturne predodžbe o adolescentici i ženskoj adolescenciji kasnog 19. stoljeća na temelju Pobratima, prvog hrvatskog časopisa za adolescent/ic/e u 19. stoljeću. Pedagoška literatura, obrazovanje i odgoj djevojčica i djevojaka igrali su ključnu ulogu u provođenju i realizaciji ideje „idealnog“ ženskog identiteta. Djevojke su čitale literaturu snažnog pedagoško-didaktičkog narativa u kojima su adolescentski ženski likovi utjelovljavali poželjne karakteristike poput požrtvovnosti, radinosti, skromnosti, jednostavnosti, ljubaznosti, stidljivosti, čednosti, poslušnosti, marljivosti, pobožnosti, šutljivosti. U adolescentice su se putem školskog obrazovanja i odgoja, a potom i kućnog odgoja te čitanjem adolescentskoh časopisa, romana i ostale literature trebale afirmirati navedene karakteristike koje su je upućivale u uloge koje su se smatrale biološki određenim za ženu, a to su bile uloge supruge, majke i kućanice. U analiziranim pripovijetkama, crticama, narodnim pričama i ostalim relevantnim tekstovima iz Pobratima, koji su imali pedagoško-didaktičnu funkciju i koji su prema strukturi i sadržaju bili namijenjeni adolescenticama, dokazat će se prisutnost upravo navedenog pedagoškog diskursa. Protagonistkinje analiziranih proznih tekstova najčešće su se susretale sa životnim nedaćama zbog kojih su bile primorane raditi kako bi osigurale obiteljsku egzistenciju koja se najčešće prekida narativnim krajem sretnog braka ili, u rjeđim slučajevima, ostaju učiteljicama. U oba slučaja, one ispunjavaju svoje „ženske dužnosti“ te nisu lišene poželjnih ženskih i/ili djevojačkih karakternih osobina.This paper will explore, analyze and discuss social and cultural notions of male and female adolescence based on Pobratim, the first Croatian journal for adolescents in the 19th century. Pedagogical literature, education and upbringing of little girls and female adolescents played a key role in the implementation and realization of the idea of an „ideal“ female identity. The girls read the literature of a strong pedagogical-didactic narrative in which adolescent female characters embodied desirable characteristics such as sacrifice, diligence, modesty, simplicity, kindness, shyness, chastity, obedience, diligence, piety, silence. Through school education, home upbringing and reading magazines, novels and other literature intendend for female adolescents, young girls had to affirm the above mentioned characteristics that led them to the roles that were considered biologically determined for a woman, and those were the roles of wife, mother and housewive. In the analyzed stories, sketches, folk tales and other relevant texts, Pobratim, which had a pedagogical-didactic function and which, according to the structure and content, were intended for adolescents, will prove the presence of the abovementioned pedagogical discourse. The protagonists of the analyzed prose texts most often were encountered with life's adversities due to which they were forced to work to ensure a family existence, but in the end is most often interrupted by the narrative a happy marriage or, in rare cases, female characters remain teachers throughout their life. In both cases, they fulfill their „feminine duties“ and are not deprived of desirable feminine and / or girlish character traits