Vitamin D deficiency and effect on obesity

Deficit vitamina D jedan je od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema diljem svijeta, a razlozi za ovaj deficit su mnogobrojni. Osim negativnih učinaka na zdravlje koštanog sustava, deficit vitamina D se negativno odražava na gotovo sve organske sustave čovjeka. Deficit vitamina D definira se vrijednostima 25(OH)D u serumu manjim od 25 ili 30 nmol Lˉ¹. Osobe koje imaju indeks tjelesne mase >30 kg mˉ² pokazuju niže razine 25(OH)D u serumu, a razlog za to je najvjerojatnije volumentrijsko razrjeđenje u veći volumen tkiva cijelog organizma. Deficit vitamina D značajno utječe na kvalitetu života pretilih osoba jer je povezan sa stanjima kao što su hipertenzija, dijabetes tipa 2, metabolički sindrom i kardiovaskularne bolesti. Navedena stanja su vodeći uzroci smrti u zapadnim zemalja na koja se jednim dijelim može utjecati adekvatnim razinama vitamina D. U ovom radu objašnjen je metabolizam vitamina D, preporuke o njegovom unosu, učinak na zdravlje, poveznica između vitamina D i pretilosti te mogući razlozi za učestalost deficita vitamina D kod pretilih osoba.Vitamin D deficiency is one of the leading public health problems worldwide, and the reasons for this deficiency are numerous. In addition to the negative effects on the health of skeletal system, vitamin D deficiency seems to affect negatively almost every organic system in humans. Vitamin D deficiency is defined with serum values of 25(OH)D less than 25 or 30 nmol Lˉ¹. People with a body mass index >30 kg mˉ² show lower levels of 25(OH)D in the serum and the reason for this is most likely a volumetric dilution into a larger volume of tissue throughout the body. Vitamin D deficiency significantly affects the quality of life of obese people because it is associated with conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. These conditions are the leading causes of death in Western countries, which can be prevented by adequate levels of vitamin D. This paper explains the metabolism of vitamin D, recommendations for its intake, health effects, the link between vitamin D and obesity, and possible reasons for the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in obese individuals