Somatoformni bolni poremećaj

Somatoform disorder is characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that would suggest a general medical condition but diagnostic procedures fail to show a general medical condition or the physical symptoms can only partly be explained by a general medical condition. In somatoform pain disorder pain is the predominant symptom. Somatoform disorder is a very common reason for visiting physicians and among the somatoform disorders somatoform pain disorder is most prevalent. Somatoform disorder has a prevalence with up to 35% among primary physicians. It is estimated to have a prevalence of 5-7% among the general population. Many patients with somatoform disorders have a comorbidity with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression; moreover, it has been shown that suicidal thoughts are increased in patients with somatoform pain disorders and because of this it is important to evaluate the patient‟s mental status. The reason for one having somatoform pain disorder is today unknown, however there are a few theories, one of them is developmental theory, which is explained more in detailed. When facing a patient with pain, it is important to take into consideration something which is called total pain and not just the physical aspect of pain. The elements in total pain include physical, psychological, social, and spiritual pain. The combination of these elements is believed to result in a „total pain‟ experience that is individualized and specific to each patient´s particular situation.Somatoformni poremećaj je karakteriziran prisutstvom fizičkih simptoma koji upućuju na somatsko medicinsko stanje, ali dijagnostički postupci ne uspijevaju dokazati neku tjelesnu bolest ili fizički simptomi mogu tek djelomično biti objašnjeni nekim somatskim medicinskim stanjem. U somatoformnom bolnom poremećaju, bol je dominantan simptom. Somatoformni poremećaj je vrlo čest razlog za posjet liječniku, a somatoformni bolni poremećaj je najčešći među somatoformnim poremećajima. Somatoformni poremećaj ima učestalost od 35% među liječnicima u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti. Procjenjeno je kako je učestalost u općoj populaciji od 5-7%. Mnogi pacijenti sa somatoformnim poremećajem imaju komorbiditetne psihijatrijske poremećaje kao što su anksioznii depresivni poremećaji, a pokazalo se kako su kod pacijenata sa somatoformnim bolnim poremećajem istaknutije suicidalne misli te je zbog toga jako važno procjeniti njihov psihički status. Uzrok nastanka somatoformnog bolnog poremećaja je do danas nepoznat, no postoji nekoliko teorija. Jedna od njih je razvojna teorija koja je detaljnije objašnjena. Kada se obrađuje pacijent s boli, važno je uzeti u obzir koncept "totalne boli", a ne samo fizičke aspekte boli. Dijelove totalne boli čine fizička, psihološka, socijalna te duhovna bol. Upravo kombinacija ovih dijelova rezultira "totalnom boli", iskustvom koje je induvidualizirano te specifično za svakog pacijenta