The role of the intestinal microbiom in human health with special reference to archaea

Ovaj završni rad je kratak pregled dosadašnjeg znanja o crijevnom mikrobiomu i njegovom utjecaju na ljudsko zdravlje. Ukratko se predstavlja znanje o interakcijama organizama unutar crijeva te s domaćinom, kao i utjecaj različitih faktora na mikrobiom. Opisane su neke bolesti, njihova povezanost s mikrobiomom i terapije koje bi potencijalno mogle prijeći u široku uporabu. Poseban osvrt pridaje se arhejama koje su važan sastavni dio crijevnog mikrobioma. Predstavljena je građa arhejskog staničnog ovoja, raznolikost arheja te njihov utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje. U konačnici, može se zaključiti da je istraživanje crijevnog mikrobioma čovjeka obećavajuće područje zbog razvoja terapija koje se temelje na crijevnom mikrobiomu, a mogle bi se korisiti za liječenje kako crijevnih, tako i drugih bolesti te općenito za jačanje imunološkog sustava. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja prijenosa komenzalnih mikroorganizama, interkacije među mikroorganizmima te s domadarima i sami sastav mikrobioma, osobito arheje koje su često zanemarene zbog metodoloških problema.This final paper is a short review of current knowledge about the intestinal microbiome and its impact on human health. The knowledge of interactions between organisms inside the intestine and with the host is briefly represented, as well as the impact of various factors on the microbiome. Some diseases, their connection to the microbiota and therapies that could become widely used have been described. Special attention is given to the Archaea, which are an important part of the intestinal microbiota. Archaeal cell envelope structure, their diversity and their impact on human health are presented. Finally, it can be concluded that research of the human microbiota is a promising field because of the development of therapies that are based on the intestinal microbiota and that could be used to treat intestinal illnesses, as well as other diseases and generally to strenghten the immune system. Further research of the transmission of commensal microorganisms, interactions between them and with hosts, and the composition of the microbiota itself is needed, especially with Archaea which are often neglected because of methodological problems