Managerial economic specifics of banking sector in Republic of Croatia

Navedeni rad prikazuje karakteristike i primjenu modela upravljačke ekonomike koji su utjecali na oblikovanje i funkcioniranje poslovanja bankovnog sustava Republike Hrvatske. Značaj bankovnog sustava u okviru gospodarstva temelji se na njegovoj posredničkoj ulozi između novčano suficitarnih i deficitarnih jedinica iz čega se definira njegova glavna uloga kao upravitelja najvećeg dijela nacionalne štednje. U nedavnoj prošlosti fokus vlasnika, dioničara i menadžera banaka bila je maksimalizacija profita dok je danas upravljanje bankama okrenuto proaktivnom upravljanju rizikom čime one ostvaruju svoju novu ulogu alokatora rizika. Kako bi se izbjegli visoki društveni i privatni troškovi propadanja banaka, zdrav bankovni sustav treba biti temeljen na primjereno kapitaliziranim i profitabilnim bankama. U radu je prikazano tržište na kojem banke u Hrvatskoj posluju kroz njegov razvoj, strukturu i glavne odrednice, opisuje proces konsolidacije, razloge povezivanja i ulogu malih banaka te daje opis tržišta putem SCP paradigme. Posljednje poglavlje posvećeno je ekonomici kamatnih marži, pretpostavkama i definicijama efikasnosti a zaključak o uspješnosti poslovanja baziran je na ROA i ROE indikatorima profitabilnosti te usporedbi sa sektorom poduzeća.This paper presents the characteristics and application of models that have influenced the design and operation of the banking system of the Republic of Croatia. The importance of the banking system within the economy is based on its intermediary role between the monetary surplus and deficit units, which defines its main role as the manager of most of the national savings. In the recent past, the focus of bank owners, shareholders and managers has been on maximizing profits, while today bank management is geared towards proactive risk management, whereby they are fulfilling their new role of risk allocator. To avoid the high social and private costs of bank failures, a sound banking system should be based on adequately capitalized and profitable banks. The paper presents the market in which banks in Croatia operate through its development, structure and main determinants, describes the consolidation process, the reasons for mergers and the role of small banks, and gives a description of the market through the SCP paradigm. The last chapter is dedicated to the economics of interest margins, assumptions and definitions of efficiency while the conclusion on business performance is based on ROA and ROE indicators of profitability and comparison with the corporate sector